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. 2021 Jun 28;8(7):556.
doi: 10.3390/children8070556.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations: The Experience of an Italian Tertiary Center

Giacomo Stera  1 , Luca Pierantoni  2 , Riccardo Masetti  3 , Davide Leardini  1 , Carlotta Biagi  2 , Danilo Buonsenso  4   5 , Andrea Pession  3 , Marcello Lanari  2
Affiliations

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations: The Experience of an Italian Tertiary Center

Giacomo Stera et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic restrictions have deeply altered the common respiratory illnesses burden. The aim of this paper was to clarify how these measures may have influenced bronchiolitis epidemiology, exploring possible explanations. We studied 342 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis at our center from four different epidemic seasons (October-April 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021). March-April hospitalization rate, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infection, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and oxygen therapy administration data were compared among different seasons to outline any changes during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. In March-April, 30 (23.1%), 28 (24.6%) and 5 (5.1%) infants were hospitalized for bronchiolitis, respectively, in 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, with a lower rate in March-April 2020 (p < 0.001). No hospitalizations for bronchiolitis occurred during the epidemic season of 2020-2021. No significant differences in RSV infections, oxygen therapy administration and PICU admissions across seasons were outlined. In conclusion, we report a severe decrease in hospitalizations for bronchiolitis at our center throughout the entire SARS-CoV-2 outbreak rather than only during the lockdown periods. This seems to suggest a pivotal role for the systematic implementation of cost-effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as compulsory face masks and hand hygiene, which were deployed for the entire pandemic, in reducing the circulation of infectious agents.

Keywords: COVID-19; coronavirus; infants; non-pharmaceutical interventions; pediatric emergency department; respiratory syncytial virus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Severe drop in hospitalizations for bronchiolitis during March–April 2020 (5.1%, 5/98) as compared with 2019 (24.6%; 28/114) and 2018 (23.1%; 30/130), p < 0.001. No patients with bronchiolitis were hospitalized during the entire 2020–2021 (0) epidemic season.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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