Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jun 15;11(6):1784.
doi: 10.3390/ani11061784.

Dose-Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique

Matthias Schilde  1 , Dirk von Soosten  1 , Liane Hüther  1 , Susanne Kersten  1 , Ulrich Meyer  1 , Annette Zeyner  2 , Sven Dänicke  1
Affiliations

Dose-Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique

Matthias Schilde et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose-response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p < 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p < 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p < 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords: 3-nitrooxypropanol; RUSITEC; concentrate feed proportion; methane inhibitor; methane production.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol dose (PLA: 0, LOW: 73, MED: 160, and HIGH: 1200 mg of 3-NOP/kg of feed DM) and low- (□, dashed line) or high- (■, solid line) concentrate proportion in the incubated diet on (A) methane (CH4) to carbon dioxide (CO2) ratio and (B) hydrogen (H2) proportion (Vol.-%) in fermentation gases; curve fitting according to (non)significant L and Q effects (Table 3).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol dose (PLA: 0, LOW: 73, MED: 160, and HIGH: 1200 mg of 3-NOP/kg of feed DM) and low- (□,△, dashed line) or high- (■,▲, solid line) concentrate proportion in the incubated diet on pH values (■,□) and redox potential (▲,△) in fermenter fluid; curve fitting according to (non)significant L and Q effects (see Table 4).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol dose (PLA: 0, LOW: 73, MED: 160, and HIGH: 1200 mg of 3-NOP/kg of feed DM) and low- (□, dashed line) or high- (■, solid line) concentrate proportion in the incubated diet on (A) ammonia-N production (mg/g of dry matter degradation (DMD)), (B) acetate (mol %), (C) propionate (mol %), and (D) iso-valerate production (mmol/g of DMD) measured in the effluent; curve fitting according to (non)significant L and Q effects (see Table 4).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK: New York, NY, USA: 2014. p. 1535.
    1. Gerber P.J., Steinfeld H., Henderson B., Mottet A., Opio C., Dijkman J., Falcucci A., Tempio G. Tackling Climate Change through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Rome, Italy: 2013.
    1. Hristov A.N., Oh J., Lee C., Meinen R., Montes F., Ott T., Firkins J., Rotz A., Dell C., Adesogan A., et al. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production: A review of technical options for non-CO2 emissions. In: Gerber P.J., Henderson B., Makkar H.P.S., editors. FAO Animal Production and Health. Volume 177 FAO; Rome, Italy: 2013. - PubMed
    1. Czerkawski J.W., Breckenridge G. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) Br. J. Nutr. 1977;38:371–384. doi: 10.1079/BJN19770102. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Duin E.C., Wagner T., Shima S., Prakash D., Cronin B., Yanez-Ruiz D.R., Duval S., Rumbeli R., Stemmler R.T., Thauer R.K., et al. Mode of action uncovered for the specific reduction of methane emissions from ruminants by the small molecule 3-nitrooxypropanol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016;113:6172–6177. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1600298113. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources