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Review
. 2021 Jun 3;26(11):3382.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26113382.

A Review on Cancer Immunotherapy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Chemoimmunotherapy of Different Cancers

Safiye Akkın  1 , Gamze Varan  2 , Erem Bilensoy  1
Affiliations
Review

A Review on Cancer Immunotherapy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Chemoimmunotherapy of Different Cancers

Safiye Akkın et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Clinically, different approaches are adopted worldwide for the treatment of cancer, which still ranks second among all causes of death. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has been the focus of attention in recent years, aiming for an eventual antitumoral effect through the immune system response to cancer cells both prophylactically and therapeutically. The application of nanoparticulate delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which is defined as the use of immune system features in cancer treatment, is currently the focus of research. Nanomedicines and nanoparticulate macromolecule delivery for cancer therapy is believed to facilitate selective cytotoxicity based on passive or active targeting to tumors resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Today, with more than 55 different nanomedicines in the market, it is possible to provide more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment by using nanotechnology. Cancer immunotherapy uses the body's immune system to respond to cancer cells; however, this may lead to increased immune response and immunogenicity. Selectivity and targeting to cancer cells and tumors may lead the way to safer immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based delivery approaches that can help achieve the desired success in cancer treatment.

Keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; macromolecule delivery; nanoparticle; targeting.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The cancer immunity cycle. This cycle starts with the release of antigens from cancer cells and ends with the formation of immunity to the cancer cell, and many different cells play a role in this natural process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanism of tumor escape from the immune system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Immunotherapy approaches for cancer treatment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adoptive cell therapy approaches.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Various types of nanoparticulate delivery systems and possible approaches in cancer therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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