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. 2021 Jun 21;12(6):565.
doi: 10.3390/insects12060565.

Impact of Temperature on Survival Rate, Fecundity, and Feeding Behavior of Two Aphids, Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii, When Reared on Cotton

Jinping Liu  1 , Chen Wang  1 , Nicolas Desneux  2 , Yanhui Lu  1
Affiliations

Impact of Temperature on Survival Rate, Fecundity, and Feeding Behavior of Two Aphids, Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii, When Reared on Cotton

Jinping Liu et al. Insects. .

Abstract

Aphid performance is sensitive to temperature changes. Previous studies found that Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Mordviiko) was more sensitive to high temperature than Aphis gossypii (Glover). However, the effects of high temperatures on the survival, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid adults are not clear. This study examined the effect of different temperatures (29 °C, 32 °C, and 35 °C) on the adult survival rate, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid species. Our results showed that the adverse effects of high temperatures (32 °C and 35 °C) on aphid adult survival and fecundity were greater for Ac. gossypii than Ap. gossypii. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) data showed that Ac. gossypii spent more time feeding on xylem than phloem under all temperature treatments, which contrasted with Ap. gossypii. The time of phloem ingestion by Ap. gossypii at 32 °C was significantly higher than at 29 °C, while for Ac. gossypii, this value significantly decreased when temperature increased. These feeding patterns indicate that Ac. gossypii obtains less nutrition from phloem in support of its development and fecundity. Data generated in this study will serve as the basis for predicting the effects of increased temperature on these two cotton aphids.

Keywords: adaptability; climate change; cotton aphid; electrical penetration graph; high temperature.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adult of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Survival curves of adults of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii at three temperatures: (a) 29 °C; (b) 32 °C; (c) 35 °C; and (d) longevity of adults of both species. Survival statistics were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve and compared using the log-rank test (individual = 100). The results from two independent groups of longevity were assessed using Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate standard error (SE). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-stage-specific fecundity of adults of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii at different temperatures. (a) 29 °C; (b) 32 °C; (c) 35 °C; and (d) the scatter diagram of progeny per female. The results from two independent groups of fecundity were assessed using Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate standard error (SE). **, p < 0.01.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Proportional duration of various waveforms of Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii behavior at different temperatures during an 8 h EPG recording. EPG waveforms are as Np = non-probing/penetration; C = pathway waveform; Pd = potential drop; E1 = salivary secretion; E2: phloem sap ingestion; G = xylem feeding; F = mechanical penetration difficulties.
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