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. 2021 Jun 1;8(6):97.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci8060097.

Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls

Francisco Escalera-Valente  1 , Marta E Alonso  2 , Juan M Lomillos  3 , Vicente R Gaudioso  2 , Ángel J Alonso  4 , José Ramiro González-Montaña  4
Affiliations

Effect of Intense Exercise on Plasma Macrominerals and Trace Elements in Lidia Bulls

Francisco Escalera-Valente et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Minerals are inorganic substances present in all body tissues and fluids that directly or indirectly influence the maintenance of multiple metabolic processes and, therefore, are essential for the development of various biological functions. The Lidia bull breed may be considered an athlete, as during a bull fight it displays considerable physical effort of great intensity and short duration in a highly stressful situation. The objective of this study was to assess plasma minerals concentration (macro- and microminerals) in Lidia bulls after intense physical exercise during a bull fight. Plasma Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo concentrations were measured in 438 male Lidia bulls. Ca, P and Mg were measured using a Cobas Integra autoanalyzer, while Na and K were determined by ICP-AES, and Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo were measured by ICP-MS. All macrominerals, (Ca: 2.96 ± 0.31, Mg: 1.27 ± 0.17, P: 3.78 ± 0.65, K: 7.50 ± 1.58, Na: 150.15 ± 19.59 in mmol/L), and Cr (1.24 ± 0.58), Ni (0.249 ± 1.07), Cu (22.63 ± 4.84) and Zn (24.14 ± 5.59, in μmol/L) showed greater mean values than the reported reference values in the published literature, while Co (0.041 ± 0.07), Se (0.886 ± 0.21) and Mo (0.111 ± 0.08, in μmol/L) values were lower than those reported for other bovine breeds. These increased concentrations could be justified mainly by muscle cell metabolism, hepatic need to provide energy, and intense dehydration and hemoconcentration by losses through sweat glands or urination.

Keywords: Lidia cattle; exercise; macrominerals; mineral metabolism; trace elements.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphic representation of some macrominerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium) in bull’s plasma after physical exercise. Ca: calcium, P: phosphorus, Mg: magnesium, K: potassium. All variables in mmol/L. Some outliers are not shown in the graph.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphic representation of the natremia of bulls after physical exercise. Footnotes: Na: sodium, in mmol/L.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Graphic representation of some trace elements (iron, copper, zinc) in bull’s plasma after physical exercise. Footnotes: Fe: iron, Cu: copper, Zn: zinc. All variables in μmol/L. Some outliers are not shown in the graph.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Graphic representation of some trace elements (chromium, cobalt, nickel, selenium, molybdenum) in bull’s plasma after physical exercise. Footnotes: Cr: chromium, Co: cobalt, Ni: nickel, Se: selenium, Mo: molybdenum. All variables in μmol/L. Some outliers are not shown in the graph.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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