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. 2021 Jun 30;10(13):2945.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10132945.

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Modesto M Maestre-Muñiz  1   2 , Ángel Arias  3   4   5 , Emilia Mata-Vázquez  1 , María Martín-Toledano  1 , Germán López-Larramona  1 , Ana María Ruiz-Chicote  1 , Bárbara Nieto-Sandoval  1 , Alfredo J Lucendo  4   5   6
Affiliations

Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 at One Year after Hospital Discharge

Modesto M Maestre-Muñiz et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Background: The long-term effects of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. This study aims to investigate post-acute health consequences and mortality one year after hospital discharge.

Methods: All surviving adult patients who were discharged after hospital admission due to acute COVID-19 in the first wave of the pandemic underwent a comprehensive interview. Functional assessment was performed in patients aged over 65. Clinical and hospital records were reviewed and mortality causes assessed.

Results: A total of 587 patients with COVID-19 were discharged from hospital, including 266 after hospital admission and 321 from the emergency room. Mortality within the following year occurred in 34/266 (12.8%) and 10/321 (3.1%), respectively, due to causes directly or possibly related to COVID-19 in 20.5% and 25% of patients. Post-COVID-19 syndrome was assessed in 543 patients at one year from discharge. Any clinical complaint was reported by 90.1% of patients who needed hospitalization and 80.4% of those discharged from the emergency room (p = 0.002), with breathlessness (41.6%), tiredness (35.4%), ageusia (30.2%), and anosmia (26.3%) being the most common complaints. Ongoing symptoms attributed to COVID-19 were reported by 66.8% and 49.5% of patients, respectively (p < 0.001). Newly developed COPD, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, and arthritis-as well as worsening of preexisting comorbidities-were found.

Conclusions: One-year mortality among survivors of acute COVID-19 was 7.5%. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients experienced ongoing symptoms at 1 year from onset of the disease.

Keywords: COVID-19; Spain; mortality; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome; predictors; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of patients who attended Tomelloso General Hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were admitted to hospital or discharged from the emergency room. After one year, patients were evaluated for the long-term consequences of the disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentages of patients presenting with specific coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related symptoms at any point during the year after the acute phase of the disease (A); and continuation of the reported symptoms one year after acute COVID-19 in variable proportions (B). * denotes statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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