Review

. 2021 Jun 29;11(7):957.

doi: 10.3390/biom11070957.

Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Mamona Nazir¹, Muhammad Saleem², Muhammad Imran Tousif³, Muhammad Aijaz Anwar⁴, Frank Surup⁵, Iftikhar Ali^{6

7}, Daijie Wang⁶, Nilufar Z Mamadalieva^{8

9}, Elham Alshammari¹⁰, Mohamed L Ashour^{11

12}, Ahmed M Ashour¹³, Ishtiaq Ahmed¹⁴, Elizbit¹⁵, Ivan R Green¹⁶, Hidayat Hussain⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
² Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
³ Department of Chemistry, DG Khan Campus, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
⁴ Pharmaceutical Research Division, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi 75280, Pakistan.
⁵ Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
⁶ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan.
⁸ Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
⁹ Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan.
¹⁰ Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
¹³ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
¹⁶ Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.

PMID: 34209734
PMCID: PMC8301922
DOI: 10.3390/biom11070957

Review

Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Mamona Nazir et al. Biomolecules. 2021.

. 2021 Jun 29;11(7):957.

doi: 10.3390/biom11070957.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
² Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
³ Department of Chemistry, DG Khan Campus, University of Education Lahore, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan.
⁴ Pharmaceutical Research Division, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi 75280, Pakistan.
⁵ Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
⁶ School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan.
⁸ Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
⁹ Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Mirzo Ulugbek Str 77, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan.
¹⁰ Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
¹³ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
¹⁶ Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.

PMID: 34209734
PMCID: PMC8301922
DOI: 10.3390/biom11070957

Abstract

Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.

Keywords: anti-inflammatory; anticancer; antidiabetic; antioxidant; meroterpenoids; structural diversity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 1–3.

**Figure 2**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 4–15.

**Figure 3**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 16–25.

**Figure 4**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 26–35.

**Figure 5**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 36–39.

**Figure 6**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 40–43.

**Figure 7**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 44–54.

**Figure 8**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 55–62.

**Figure 9**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 63–75.

**Figure 10**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 76–82.

**Figure 11**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 83–98.

**Figure 12**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids 99–**115**.

**Figure 13**
Structures of phloroglucinol-based meroterpenoids **116**–**123**.

**Figure 14**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **124**–**135**.

**Figure 15**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **136**–**142**.

**Figure 16**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **143**–**146**.

**Figure 17**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **147**–**157**.

**Figure 18**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **158**–**173**.

**Figure 19**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **174**–**176**.

**Figure 20**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **177**–**187**.

**Figure 21**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **188**–**193**.

**Figure 22**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **194**–**200**.

**Figure 23**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **201**–**212**.

**Figure 24**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **213**–**227**.

**Figure 25**
Structures of syncarpic acid/β-triketones-based meroterpenes **228**–**239**.

**Figure 26**
Structures of alkaloid-based meroterpenoids **240**–**247**.

**Figure 27**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **248**–**253**.

**Figure 28**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **254**–**257**.

**Figure 29**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **258**–**266**.

**Figure 30**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **267**–**273**.

**Figure 31**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **274**–**277**.

**Figure 32**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **278**–**285**.

**Figure 33**
Structures of sesquiterpene-based meroterpenoids **286**–**304**.

**Figure 34**
Structures of chromane/chromene derived meroterpenoids **305**–**314**.

**Figure 35**
Structures of chromane/chromene derived meroterpenoids **315**–**321**.

**Figure 36**
Structures of chromane/chromene derived meroterpenoids **322**–**332**.

**Figure 37**
Structures of chromane/chromene derived meroterpenoids **333**–**341**.

**Figure 38**
Structures of chromane/chromene derived meroterpenoids **342**–**354**.

**Figure 39**
Structures of chromane/chromene and flavone derived meroterpenoids **356**–**370**.

**Figure 40**
Structures of quinone-based meroterpenoids **371**–**373**.

**Figure 41**
Structures of quinone-based meroterpenoids **374**–**379**.

**Figure 42**
Structures of quinone-based meroterpenoids **380**–**383**.

**Figure 43**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **384** and **385**.

**Figure 44**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **386**–**389**.

**Figure 45**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **390**–**396**.

**Figure 46**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **397**–**399**.

**Figure 47**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **400**–**413**.

**Figure 48**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **414**–**422**.

**Figure 49**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **423**–**434**.

**Figure 50**
Structures of miscellaneous meroterpenoids **435**–**452**.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program

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Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Affiliations

Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources