The Effect of Adjunctive Mangosteen Pericarp on Cognition in People With Schizophrenia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
- PMID: 34211410
- PMCID: PMC8239132
- DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626486
The Effect of Adjunctive Mangosteen Pericarp on Cognition in People With Schizophrenia: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is prevalent and often highly burdensome in people with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate if mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract may be an effective intervention to improve cognitive performance in this population. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a larger randomized placebo-controlled trial that investigated a 24-weeks intervention of mangosteen pericarp extract supplementation in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. A subset of n = 114 participants with completed cognitive outcomes at follow up were included in this analysis. Using the Cogstate Brief Battery, the following cognitive outcomes were assessed: psychomotor function, attention, visual learning and memory (visual and working). Subgroup analyses investigated whether baseline clinical parameters (baseline cognitive functioning, illness severity and duration, depressive symptoms) moderated the relationship between mangosteen pericarp extract intervention and change in cognitive outcomes. Results: There were no significant between-group changes in any cognitive outcomes assessed. Subgroup analysis based on baseline cognition and clinical characteristics did not reveal any significant between-group difference in change. Conclusions: Mangosteen pericarp extract did not affect cognitive outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Further investigation regarding optimal dosing strategies for mangosteen interventions and the testing of additional cognitive domains may be warranted. Trial Registration: ANZCTR.org.au identifier: ACTRN12616000859482, registered 30 June 3 2016.
Keywords: Mangostana garcinia Linn.; cognition; mangosteen; mental disorders; psychiatry; schizoaffective disorder; schizophrenia.
Copyright © 2021 Marx, Skvarc, Mohebbi, Walker, Meehan, Turner, Baker, Dodd, Cotton, Scott, Kavanagh, Ashton, Brown, McGrath, Berk and Dean.
Conflict of interest statement
AT has received grant/research support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), AMP Foundation and Deakin University. OD was a R.D. Wright NHMRC Biomedical Career Development Fellow (APP1145634) and has received grant support from the Brain and Behavior Foundation, Simons Autism Foundation, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Deakin University, Lilly, NHMRC and ASBDD/Servier. She has also received in kind support from BioMedica Nutraceuticals, NutritionCare and Bioceuticals. AW has previously received grant/research support from a Trisno Family Fellowship and Deakin University. SD has received grant support from Stanley Medical Research Institute, NHMRC, Beyond Blue, ARHRF, Simons Foundation, Geelong Medical Research Foundation, Fondation FondaMental, Eli Lilly, Glaxo SmithKline, Organon, Mayne Pharma and Servier. He has received speaker's fees from Eli Lilly, advisory board fees from Eli Lilly and Novartis and conference travel support from Servier. SC was supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (APP1136344). SC has received grant support from the NHMRC, the Stanley Medical Research Institute, BeyondBlue, Movember, The University of Melbourne, Australian Catholic University, ARHRF, and Mental Illness Research Fund (Victoria Department of Human Services). JS was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship Grant (APP1105807), has been a speaker for Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Servier, and Shire Pharmaceuticals, and served as a consultant to Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck and Roche. BK has received grant/research support from the Australian Postgraduate Research Training Scholarship, Deakin University, Ian Scott Mental Health Ph.D. Scholarship, Australian Rotary Health, and the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders. MA has received grant/research support from Deakin University, Australasian Society for Bipolar Depressive Disorders, Lundbeck, Australian Rotary Health, Ian Parker Bipolar Research Fund, Cooperative Research Center for Mental Health and PDG Geoff and Betty Betts Award from Rotary Club of Geelong. EB has received grant/research support from the University of Melbourne, the Australian Department of Health, Western Victoria PHN, and the University of the West of England, UK. MB was supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660 and 1156072). MB has received Grant/Research Support from the NIH, Cooperative Research Centre, Simons Autism Foundation, Cancer Council of Victoria, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, Medical Benefits Fund, National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Futures Fund, Beyond Blue, Rotary Health, A2 milk company, Meat and Livestock Board, Woolworths, Avant and the Harry Windsor Foundation, has been a speaker for Abbot, Astra Zeneca, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck and Merck and served as a consultant to Allergan, Astra Zeneca, Bioadvantex, Bionomics, Collaborative Medicinal Development, Janssen and Janssen, Lundbeck Merck, Pfizer and Servier—all unrelated to this work. WM was currently funded by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and a Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia early-career fellowship. WM has previously received funding from the Cancer Council Queensland and university grants/fellowships from La Trobe University, Deakin University, University of Queensland, and Bond University, received industry funding and has attended events funded by Cobram Estate Pty. Ltd, received travel funding from Nutrition Society of Australia, received consultancy funding from Nutrition Research Australia, and has received speakers honoraria from The Cancer Council Queensland and the Princess Alexandra Research Foundation. MM has received Grant/research support from NHMRC, Deakin University School of Medicine, Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, and Medibank Health Research Fund. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer NN declared a past co-authorship with four of the authors WM, OD, MA, and MB to the handling editor.
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