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Case Reports
. 2021 Jun 11:11:672434.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672434. eCollection 2021.

Case Report: Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors Originating From the Endometrium and the Broad Ligament: A Case Series and Literature Review

Xianzhong Cheng  1 , Qian Zhao  1 , Xia Xu  2 , Wenwen Guo  3 , Hongyuan Gu  1 , Rui Zhou  1 , Chen Chen  1 , Dawei Ma  4 , Yinan Wu  4 , Jing Ni  1 , Xiaoxiang Chen  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Case Report: Extragonadal Yolk Sac Tumors Originating From the Endometrium and the Broad Ligament: A Case Series and Literature Review

Xianzhong Cheng et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the endometrium and the broad ligament are very rare, with only 29 cases and one case of each other reported before in the English literature. Due to lack of standard guidelines, the treatment strategies of these diseases are controversial. Here, we share two cases of YSTs originating from the endometrium and the broad ligament respectively and review related literature. A 35-year-old woman was diagnosed with endometrial YST in our center and underwent surgery followed by chemotherapy with BEP (bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide) regimen for six courses. After follow-up for 21 months, there is still no evidence of relapse. Another 36-year-old woman was admitted to our department with YST of the broad ligament. She was treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy with BEP regimen and was lost to follow-up after completing therapy. The case of endometrial YST we shared was similar to cases reported before, while the case with YST of the broad ligament we shared was the second case reported worldwide. Both of these two cases were treated with surgery combined with chemotherapy with BEP regimen.

Keywords: bleomycin; broad ligament; endometrium; etoposide and platinum; extragonadal; yolk sac tumor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Computed tomography (CT) scan of patient with endometrial YST preoperatively. (A) Enlarged uterus equal to pregnancy for 2 months accompanied by occupancy in the uterus cavity; (B) A 3-cm mass of uneven density in the right adnexa.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Light microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical staining of endometrial YST. (A) Yolk sac structure (H and E, 10 × 40); (B) CD117+; (C) Germ cell tumor (GCT) cytology (H and E, 10 × 40); (D) Hyaloid drop (H and E, 10 × 40); (E) SALL4+; (F) Schiller–Duval body positive (H and E, 10 × 40).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Computed tomography (CT) scan of patient with YST originating from the broad ligament. (A) A 2-cm mass at the right pelvis; (B) Slightly enlarged lymph nodes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Light microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical staining of YST originating from the broad ligament. (A) Yolk sac tumor (H and E, 10 × 40); (B) AE1/AE3+; (C) AFP++; (D) GPC-3(++); (E) Yolk sac tumor (H and E, 10 × 40); (F) Ki-67 positivity rate of approximately 70%; (G) PLAP negative; (H) SALL4 +++.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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