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Review
. 2021 Jun 16:12:681710.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681710. eCollection 2021.

Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds

Meirong Li  1   2   3   4 , Qian Hou  1   2   3 , Lingzhi Zhong  1   2   3 , Yali Zhao  4 , Xiaobing Fu  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds

Meirong Li et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Persistent hyper-inflammation is a distinguishing pathophysiological characteristic of chronic wounds, and macrophage malfunction is considered as a major contributor thereof. In this review, we describe the origin and heterogeneity of macrophages during wound healing, and compare macrophage function in healing and non-healing wounds. We consider extrinsic and intrinsic factors driving wound macrophage dysregulation, and review systemic and topical therapeutic approaches for the restoration of macrophage response. Multidimensional analysis is highlighted through the integration of various high-throughput technologies, used to assess the diversity and activation states as well as cellular communication of macrophages in healing and non-healing wound. This research fills the gaps in current literature and provides the promising therapeutic interventions for chronic wounds.

Keywords: aging; chronic inflammation; chronic wound; diabetes; heterogeneity; macrophage; multidimensional analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Most common characteristics of M2 macrophages subgroups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Macrophages originate from bone marrow in acute and chronic wounds. High numbers of bone marrow-produced monocytes under elderly, obese and diabetes may lead to increased number of macrophage in chronic wound. Transition from M1- to M2- phenotypes is impaired in chronic wounds.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multiomics data analysis based macrophage specific therapy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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