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. 2021 May 12;12(6):3338-3351.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.421942. eCollection 2021 Jun 1.

Optical design and performance of a trifocal sinusoidal diffractive intraocular lens

Fidel Vega  1 , Maite Valentino  1 , Franco Rigato  2 , María S Millán  1
Affiliations

Optical design and performance of a trifocal sinusoidal diffractive intraocular lens

Fidel Vega et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Two theoretical sinusoidal diffractive profile models to build up a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) are analysed. Topographic features of the diffractive zones such as their shape, step height and radii, as well as the energy efficiency (EE) of the foci, depends on the particular model, and are compared to the ones experimentally measured in a trifocal lens that claims to be designed with a generic sinusoidal diffractive profile: the Acriva Trinova IOL (VSY Biotechnology, The Netherlands). The topography of the IOL is measured by confocal microscopy. The EE is experimentally obtained through-focus with the IOL placed in a model eye. The experimental results match very accurately with one of the theoretical models, the optimum triplicator, once that a spatial shift in the sinusoidal profile is introduced in the model.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any material or method discussed in this article. M.S. Millán reports grants from Bausch + Lomb, France and OfthalTECH SOLUTIONS, Spain outside the submitted work. F. Vega, M. Valentino and F. Rigato have nothing to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Model 1 diffractive profile generated according to Eq. (8) (λ=550 nm, nL=1.462, nA=1.336, Pd=1.5 D, T=0.733 mm2, and β=1.4376 rad). The radius r1 of the first diffractive zone is shown.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Model 2 diffractive profile generated according to Eq. (10) (λ=550 nm, nL=1.462, nA=1.336, Pd=1.5 D, T=0.733 mm2, and α=2.65718). The radius r1 of the first diffractive zone is shown.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Diffractive profiles generated according to Eq. (15) by introducing a shift S of -0.060 mm2 (red line) and +0.307 mm2 (blue line) to have a radius r1 of 0.70 mm (λ=550 nm, nL=1.462, nA=1.336, Pd=1.5 D, T=0.733 mm2, and α=2.65718).
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
(a) Optical image of the surface of the Acriva Trinova IOL showing the diffractive rings and (b) 3D confocal microscopy topographies of the rectangular sections indicated in (a).
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.
(a) Theoretical sinusoidal diffractive profile generated according to Model 2 with shift S of 0.307 mm2 in Eq. (15) (λ=550 nm, nL=1.462, nA=1.336, Pd=1.5 D, T=0.733 mm2, and α=2.65718). (b) Experimental profile sections of the center (left) and outer rings (right) of the Acriva Trinova IOL.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.
Predicted (red ◻) and experimental (grey ∙) radii of diffractive zones of the Acriva Trinova IOL. Theoretical radii are derived from the generalized Model 2 with S =+0.307 mm2. Error bars are ±0.02 mm.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.
Top: Schematic drawing representating a trifocal IOL. Bottom: Experimental images of the pinhole object formed at the three foci by the model eye with the trifocal Acriva Trinova IOL (λ = 530 nm, 3.0 mm pupil).
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.
Experimental through-focus energy efficiency (TF-EE) curves of the Acriva Trinova IOL obtained with pupil diameters of 3.0 mm (continuous line) and 4.5 mm (dashed line).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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