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Review
. 2021 Feb 6:5:100083.
doi: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100083. eCollection 2021 Mar.

A review of ECMO for cardiac arrest

Tyler E Klee  1 , Karl B Kern  1   2
Affiliations
Review

A review of ECMO for cardiac arrest

Tyler E Klee et al. Resusc Plus. .

Abstract

Cardiac arrest is an important public health concern, affecting an estimated 356,500 people in the out-of-hospital setting and 209,000 people in the in-hospital setting each year. The causes of cardiac arrest include acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, dyskalemia, respiratory failure, hypovolemia, sepsis, and poisoning among many others. In order to tackle the enormous issue of high mortality among sufferers of cardiac arrest, ongoing research has been seeking improved treatment protocols and novel therapies. One of the mechanical devices that has been increasingly utilized for cardiac arrest is venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Presently there is only one published randomized controlled trial examining the use of VA-ECMO as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a process referred to as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Recently there has been significant progress in providing ECPR for refractory cardiac arrest patients. This narrative review seeks to outline the use of ECPR for both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, as well as provide information on the expected outcomes associated with its use.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cardiac arrest; ECMO; ECPR; Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
ECPR: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. OHCA: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. EMS: Emergency medical services. CCPR: Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC: Return of spontaneous circulation. CCL: Cardiac catheterization lab. ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention. VAD: Ventricular assist device.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
ECPR: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. IHCA: In-hospital cardiac arrest. CCPR: Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC: Return of spontaneous circulation. CCL: Cardiac catheterization lab. ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention. VAD: Ventricular assist device.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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