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. 2021 Jun 29:14:2989-3000.
doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S317350. eCollection 2021.

Impacts of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics on Disease Severity and Mortality in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19

Adem Az  1 , Ozgur Sogut  1 , Tarik Akdemir  1 , Huseyin Ergenc  1 , Yunus Dogan  1 , Mustafa Cakirca  2
Affiliations

Impacts of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics on Disease Severity and Mortality in Patients with Confirmed COVID-19

Adem Az et al. Int J Gen Med. .

Abstract

Background: We investigated potential predictive factors for mortality and disease severity from demographic and clinical data, comorbidities, and laboratory findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were consecutively admitted to our tertiary hospital.

Methods: In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we enrolled consecutive 540 adult patients who had COVID-19 confirmed by a molecular method. Patients were categorized into three groups based on disease severity. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, mortality rates, and mortality-associated factors were analyzed.

Results: The overall mortality rate was 4.3% (23/540). Disease severity was mild in 40.9% (n = 221), severe in 53.7% (n = 290), and critical in 5.4% (n = 29) of the patients. There were significant differences among groups in terms of median white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte counts, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, albumin, D-dimer, ferritin, troponin, and fibrinogen levels. Furthermore, there were significant differences between surviving and non-surviving patient groups in terms of median WBC, hemoglobin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, as well as CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, creatinine, albumin, D-dimer, and ferritin levels. CRP level (odds ratio [OR]: 1.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009-1.032; p < 0.001), and CURB-65 score (OR: 4.004, 95% CI: 1,288-12,447; p = 0.017) were independently associated with disease severity and mortality.

Conclusion: On admission, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts can be used to predict disease severity in patients with COVID-19. CRP, ferritin, LDH, creatinine, troponin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and albumin levels can also be used to predict disease severity in these patients. Finally, elevated CRP level and high CURB-65 score were predictors of disease severity and mortality.

Keywords: COVID-19; clinical characteristics; demographic characteristics; disease severity; mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of the time between symptom onset and positive PCR test result.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Typical thoracic CT findings: (A) Peripheral ground-glass opacifications; (B) Bilateral ground-glass opacifications; (C) Multifocal involvement; (D) Diffuse involvement.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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