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. 2021 Dec;49(12):1635-1648.
doi: 10.1007/s10802-020-00742-4. Epub 2021 Jul 8.

Developmental Trajectories of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Anna K Luke  1 , Rachel Ankney  2 , Emily P Wilton  1 , Theresa R Gladstone  1 , Kristoffer S Berlin  3 , Christopher A Flessner  4
Affiliations

Developmental Trajectories of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Anna K Luke et al. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Children who experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) may be at risk for developing Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The current study aimed to investigate developmental trajectories of OCS, as well as possible predictors, within a community-based sample of children. Children (N = 1147) from the longitudinal NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) were assessed for OCS, via the Child Behavioral Checklist - Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (OCS-8), eight times between Pre-Kindergarten (54 months; Pre-K) and High School (15 years of age; HS.) Participants were recruited within the United States and included only maternal caregivers. Preliminary analyses indicated that approximately 3% of the sample was above the diagnostic cutoff score on the OCS-8 at the High School time-point. Latent growth models tested symptom trajectories. Findings demonstrated three groups of OCS trajectories. Most children fell within a low symptomatology group (the No Peak group) with low OCS across all time points. Two additional OCS trajectories were also demonstrated: Pre-K Peak (high to low OCS across time) and HS Peak (low to high OCS across time). Both higher attention problems and greater depression/anxiety symptoms at the Pre-K time point predicted children's membership in the Pre-K Peak or HS Peak groups compared to the No Peak group. Membership within the HS Peak group predicted a high likelihood of children's OCS being above previously established cutoff scores for an OCD diagnosis at age 15 years. Membership within either the Pre-K Peak or No Peak groups predicted a low likelihood. This study provides new evidence for the existence of different developmental trajectories for youth with OCS. From a clinical perspective, these results may have important implications when considering the identification and early intervention of childhood OCS and OCD within the community.

Keywords: Developmental trajectories; Latent growth; OCD; Obsessive–compulsive symptoms.

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