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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Sep;21(5):813-825.
doi: 10.1111/psyg.12743. Epub 2021 Jul 11.

Periodontal disease and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xin Hu  1 , Jing Zhang  1 , Yulan Qiu  1 , Zhaonan Liu  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Periodontal disease and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xin Hu et al. Psychogeriatrics. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Results of studies on the association between periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are inconsistent, and a previous meta-analysis published in 2017 included inadequate studies and is thus outmoded. This study aims to systematically evaluate the correlation between PD and the risk of AD or MCI.

Methods: The following electronic databases were screened by two investigators independently, without restriction of language: CENTRAL (Cochrane library), PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, China National Knowledge Interne, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity of included studies.

Results: Thirteen eligible studies, of which eight reported AD (291 114 participants) and eight reported MCI (4805 participants), were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that compared with the non-PD population, the risk of AD and MCI in PD patients was significantly higher (for AD: odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% CI 1.15-2.76; for MCI: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.24-2.06), and especially in those with severe PD (for AD: OR = 4.89, 95% CI 1.60-14.97; for MCI, OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.24-4.36).

Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that PD was related to an elevated risk of AD and cognitive impairment, and that it should receive early intervention.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; meta-analysis; mild cognitive impairment; periodontal disease.

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References

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