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Review
. 2021 Jun 25:12:703079.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703079. eCollection 2021.

Understanding Fatigue in Sjögren's Syndrome: Outcome Measures, Biomarkers and Possible Interventions

Elisabeth Mæland  1 , Samira T Miyamoto  2 , Daniel Hammenfors  1   3 , Valeria Valim  4 , Malin V Jonsson  3   5   6
Affiliations
Review

Understanding Fatigue in Sjögren's Syndrome: Outcome Measures, Biomarkers and Possible Interventions

Elisabeth Mæland et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Symptoms range from dryness to severe extra-glandular disease involving manifestations in the skin, lungs, nervous system, and kidney. Fatigue occurs in 70% of patients, characterizing primary SS (pSS) and significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. There are some generic and specific instruments used to measure fatigue in SS. The mechanisms involved with fatigue in SS are still poorly understood, but it appears fatigue signaling pathways are more associated with cell protection and defense than with pro-inflammatory pathways. There are no established pharmacological treatment options for fatigue in pSS. So far, exercise and neuromodulation techniques have shown positive effects on fatigue in pSS. This study briefly reviews fatigue in pSS, with special attention to outcome measures, biomarkers, and possible treatment options.

Keywords: Sjögren’s sydrome; biomarker (BM); cytokines; fatigue; intervention; outcome measure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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