[Open fractures]
- PMID: 34255105
- DOI: 10.1007/s00113-021-01042-2
[Open fractures]
Abstract
Open fractures are associated with a higher rate of infections and delayed fracture healing; therefore, in addition to fracture fixation, infection prevention and soft tissue management are also important. Administration of antibiotics should be carried out as early as possible and over 24-72 h depending on the injury. The initial debridement and assessment of the severity of injury determine the treatment strategy. Fracture fixation follows the general traumatological principles. Simple injury patterns can be treated by primary fixation and wound closure. With substantial contamination, loss of bone or extensive soft tissue damage, temporary fixation and temporary wound closure are carried out. The definitive treatment with soft tissue coverage should be performed within 72 h in order to reduce the risk of fracture-related infections. For osseous segmental defects, different approaches are available to restore bone continuity, depending on the size and soft tissue situation.
Offene Frakturen gehen mit einer erhöhten Rate an Infektionen und verzögerter Frakturheilung einher, daher sind neben der Frakturstabilisierung die Infektionsprävention und das Weichteilmanagement wichtig. Antibiotika sollten so früh wie möglich, je nach Verletzung über 24–72 h, verabreicht werden. Das initiale Débridement mit Erhebung des Verletzungsausmaßes entscheidet über die weiteren Maßnahmen. Die Frakturstabilisierung richtet sich nach den allgemeinen traumatologischen Prinzipien. Einfache Verletzungsformen können primär stabilisiert und verschlossen werden. Bei erheblichen Verschmutzungen, Knochenverlust oder ausgedehnten Weichteilschäden erfolgt die temporäre Stabilisierung mit temporärem Weichteilverschluss. Die definitive Versorgung mit Weichteildeckung ist innerhalb von 72 h anzustreben, um frakturassoziierte Infektionen zu vermindern. Bei einem knöchernen Segmentdefekt existieren je nach Größe und Weichteilsituation verschiedene Verfahren zur Kontinuitätswiederherstellung.
Keywords: Classification; Debridement; Fracture healing; Infection; Segmental defect.
© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.
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