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. 2021 Mar 31:27:605017.
doi: 10.3389/pore.2021.605017. eCollection 2021.

Heterogeneous Expression of Proangiogenic and Coagulation Proteins in Gliomas of Different Histopathological Grade

Marek Z Wojtukiewicz  1   2 , Marta Mysliwiec  1 , Elwira Matuszewska  2 , Stanislaw Sulkowski  3 , Lech Zimnoch  3 , Barbara Politynska  4   5 , Anna M Wojtukiewicz  4 , Stephanie C Tucker  6   7 , Kenneth V Honn  8
Affiliations

Heterogeneous Expression of Proangiogenic and Coagulation Proteins in Gliomas of Different Histopathological Grade

Marek Z Wojtukiewicz et al. Pathol Oncol Res. .

Abstract

Brain gliomas are characterized by remarkably intense invasive growth and the ability to create new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is a key process in the progression of these tumors. Coagulation and fibrinolysis factors play a role in promoting angiogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of proangiogenic proteins (VEGF and bFGF) and hemostatic proteins (TF, fibrinogen, fibrin, D-dimers) associated with neoplastic cells and vascular endothelial cells in brain gliomas of various degrees of malignancy. Immunohistochemical tests were performed using the ABC method with the use of mono- and polyclonal antibodies. The obtained results indicated that both neoplastic cells and vascular endothelial cells in gliomas of various degrees of malignancy are characterized by heterogeneous expression of proteins of the hemostatic system and angiogenesis markers. The strongest expression of proangiogenic factors and procoagulant factors was demonstrated in gliomas of higher-grade malignancy.

Keywords: D-dimers; VEGF; angiogenesis; bFGF; blood coagulation; fibrin; glial tumors 3; tissue factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Expression of tissue factor in G3 astrocytomas. (A) Positive immunohistochemical reaction for the presence of TF in neoplastic cells and vasuclar endothelial cells-arrows at lower magnification (×100). (B) Positive innunohistochemical staining for the presence of TF at higher magnification (×400). Arrows show staining of staining of tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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