Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Jul 14;15(7):e0009514.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009514. eCollection 2021 Jul.

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of a BabyWASH household playspace: The CAMPI study

Sophie Budge  1 , Paul Hutchings  2 , Alison Parker  1 , Sean Tyrrel  1 , Sam Norton  3 , Camila Garbutt  4 , Fitsume Woldemedhin  5 , Mohammed Yasin Jemal  5 , Mathewos Moges  6 , Siraj Hussen  6 , Hunachew Beyene  6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of a BabyWASH household playspace: The CAMPI study

Sophie Budge et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions should support infant growth but trial results are inconsistent. Frequently, interventions do not consider behaviours or transmission pathways specific to age. A household playspace (HPS) is one intervention component which may block faecal-oral transmission. This study was a two-armed, parallel-group, randomised, controlled feasibility trial of a HPS in rural Ethiopia. It aimed to recommend proceeding to a definitive trial. Secondary outcomes included effects on infant health, injury prevention and women's time.

Methods: November 2019-January 2020 106 households were identified and assessed for eligibility. Recruited households (N = 100) were randomised (blinded prior to the trial start) to intervention or control (both n = 50). Outcomes included recruitment, attrition, adherence, and acceptability. Data were collected at baseline, two and four weeks.

Findings: Recruitment met a priori criteria (≥80%). There was no loss to follow-up, and no non-use, meeting adherence criteria (both ≤10%). Further, 48.0% (95% CI 33.7-62.6; n = 24) of households appropriately used and 56.0% (41.3-70.0; n = 28) cleaned the HPS over four weeks, partly meeting adherence criteria (≥50%). For acceptability, 41.0% (31.3-51.3; n = 41) of infants were in the HPS during random visits, failing criteria (≥50%). Further, the proportion of HPS use decreased during some activities, failing criteria (no decrease in use). A modified Barrier Analysis described good acceptability and multiple secondary benefits, including on women's time burden and infant injury prevention.

Interpretation: Despite failing some a priori criteria, the trial demonstrated mixed adherence and good acceptability among intervention households. A definitive trial to determine efficacy is warranted if recommended adjustments are made.

Funding: People In Need; Czech Development Agency.

Trial registration: RIDIE-ID-5de0b6938afb8.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Modified version of CONSORT 2010 flow diagram of participants in the CAMPI feasibility trial.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Millward D. Nutrition, infection and stunting: The roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30(1):50–72. doi: 10.1017/S0954422416000238 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Nataro JP, Guerrant RL. Chronic consequences on human health induced by microbial pathogens: Growth faltering among children in developing countries. Vaccine. 2017;35:6807–6812. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.035 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Watanabe K, Petri W. Environmental Enteropathy: Elusive but Significant Subclinical Abnormalities in Developing Countries. EBio Med. 2016;10:25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.030 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. MAL-ED Network Investigators. Relationship between growth and illness, enteropathogens and dietary intakes in the first 2 years of life: Findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study. BMJ Glob Heal. 2017;2(4):e000370. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000370 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lee G, Pan W, Penataro Yori P, Paredes Olortegui M, Tilley D, Gregory M et al. Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Campylobacter Infections Associated with Reduced Growth in Peruvian Children. PLoS Neglected Trop Dis. 2013;7(1):e2036. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002036 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms