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. 2022 Jan;29(1):119-127.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.07.004. Epub 2021 Jul 13.

Endometrial Sampling for Preoperative Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

Rosanne M Kho  1 , Vrunda B Desai  2 , Peter E Schwartz  3 , Jason D Wright  4 , Cary P Gross  5 , Lindsey M Hutchison  6 , Francis P Boscoe  6 , Haiqun Lin  7 , Xiao Xu  8
Affiliations

Endometrial Sampling for Preoperative Diagnosis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

Rosanne M Kho et al. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Study objectives: To examine the effectiveness of endometrial sampling for preoperative detection of uterine leiomyosarcoma in women undergoing hysterectomy, identify factors associated with missed diagnosis, and compare the outcomes of patients who had a preoperative diagnosis with those of patients who had a missed diagnosis.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using linked data from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System and New York State Cancer Registry from 2003 to 2015.

Setting: Inpatient and outpatient encounters at civilian hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers in New York State.

Patients: Women with uterine leiomyosarcoma who underwent a hysterectomy and a preoperative endometrial sampling within 90 days before the hysterectomy.

Interventions: Endometrial sampling.

Measurements and main results: A total of 79 patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma met the sample eligibility criteria. Of these patients, 46 (58.2%) were diagnosed preoperatively, and 33 (41.8%) were diagnosed postoperatively. Patients in the 2 groups did not differ significantly in age, race/ethnicity, bleeding symptoms, or comorbidities assessed. In multivariable regression analysis, women who had endometrial sampling performed with hysteroscopy (compared with women who had endeometrial sampling performed without hysteroscopy) had a higher likelihood of preoperative diagnosis (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-6.42). Patients with localized stage (vs distant stage) or tumor size >11 cm (vs <8 cm) were less likely to be diagnosed preoperatively (aRR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.89, and aRR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.99, respectively). Supracervical hysterectomy was not performed in any of the patients whose leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed preoperatively compared with 21.2% of the patients who were diagnosed postoperatively (p = .002).

Conclusion: Endometrial sampling detected leiomyosarcoma preoperatively in 58.2% of the patients. The use of hysteroscopy with endometrial sampling improved preoperative detection of leiomyosarcoma by threefold. Patients with a missed diagnosis had a higher risk of undergoing suboptimal surgical management at the time of their index surgery.

Keywords: Endometrial sampling; Hysterectomy; Hysteroscopy; Leiomyosarcoma.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Sample selection diagram CPT = Current Procedural Terminology; ICD = International Classification of Diseases; LMS = leiomyosarcoma. a. Some of these patients might have received endometrial sampling outside of hospitals which we were not able to capture.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Unadjusted survival outcomes by timing of leiomyosarcoma diagnosis A. All-cause survival B. Disease-specific survival
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Unadjusted survival outcomes by timing of leiomyosarcoma diagnosis A. All-cause survival B. Disease-specific survival
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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