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Review
. 2021 Jun 29:11:671327.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671327. eCollection 2021.

Interventional Treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma

Hang Li  1 , Li Chen  1 , Guang-Yu Zhu  1 , Xijuan Yao  1 , Rui Dong  1 , Jin-He Guo  1
Affiliations
Review

Interventional Treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma

Hang Li et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of primary liver malignancy. The latest classification includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, with the latter one further categorized into perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Although surgical resection is the preferred treatment for CCA, less than half of the patients are actually eligible for radical surgical resection. Interventional treatment, such as intra-arterial therapies, ablation, and brachytherapy (iodine-125 seed implantation), has become an acceptable palliative treatment for patients with unresectable CCA. For these patients, interventional treatment is helpful for locoregional control, symptom relief, and improving quality of life. Herein, in a timely and topical manner, we will review these advances and highlight future directions of research in this article.

Keywords: ablation; brachytherapy; cholangiocarcinoma; interventional; intra-arterial therapies.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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