The mechanism behind flaring/triggering of autoimmunity disorders associated with COVID-19

Elrashdy M Redwan¹, Mohammed F Alghamdi², Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz³, Parise Adadi⁴, Alaa A A Aljabali⁵, Diksha Attrish⁶, Gajendra Kumar Azad⁷, Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz⁸, Debmalya Barh⁹, Nicolas G Bazan¹⁰, Adam M Brufsky¹¹, Gaurav Chauhan¹², S K Sarif Hassan¹³, Ramesh Kandimalla¹⁴, Amos Lal¹⁵, Kenneth Lundstrom¹⁶, Yogendra Kumar Mishra¹⁷, Pabitra Pal Choudhury¹⁸, Giorgio Palù¹⁹, Pritam K Panda²⁰, Damiano Pizzol²¹, Nima Rezaei²², Ángel Serrano-Aroca²³, Samendra P Sherchan²⁴, Murat Seyran²⁵, Kazuo Takayama²⁶, Murtaza M Tambuwala²⁷, Bruce D Uhal²⁸, Vladimir N Uversky²⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: lradwan@kau.edu.sa.
² Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mfarwan@kau.edu.sa.
³ Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamedt1@uthscsa.edu.
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan. Electronic address: alaaj@yu.edu.jo.
⁶ Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Camps), Delhi 110007, India.
⁷ Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna 800005, Bihar, India. Electronic address: gkazad@patnauniversity.ac.in.
⁸ Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology, Centre for Experimental Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁹ Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur WB-721172, India; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
¹⁰ Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Heath New Orleans, New Orleans 70112, USA. Electronic address: nbazan@lsuhsc.edu.
¹¹ University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: brufskyam@upmc.edu.
¹² School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. Electronic address: gchauhan@tec.mx.
¹³ Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur, 721140, West Bengal, India.
¹⁴ CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana State, India.
¹⁵ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
¹⁶ PanTherapeutics, Rte de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland.
¹⁷ University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark. Electronic address: mishra@mci.sdu.dk.
¹⁸ Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.
¹⁹ Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.palu@unipd.it.
²⁰ Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: pritam.panda@physics.uu.se.
²¹ Italian Agency for Development Cooperation - Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan.
²² Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
²³ Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: angel.serrano@ucv.es.
²⁴ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: sshercha@tulane.edu.
²⁵ Doctoral Student in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Austria. Electronic address: a11851761@unet.univie.ac.at.
²⁶ Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan. Electronic address: kazuo.takayama@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
²⁷ School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: m.tambuwala@ulster.ac.uk.
²⁸ Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
²⁹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: vuversky@usf.edu.

PMID: 34274539
PMCID: PMC8282442
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102909

Comment

The mechanism behind flaring/triggering of autoimmunity disorders associated with COVID-19

Elrashdy M Redwan et al. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Oct.

. 2021 Oct;20(10):102909.

doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102909. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: lradwan@kau.edu.sa.
² Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mfarwan@kau.edu.sa.
³ Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt. Electronic address: mohamedt1@uthscsa.edu.
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
⁵ Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan. Electronic address: alaaj@yu.edu.jo.
⁶ Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Camps), Delhi 110007, India.
⁷ Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna 800005, Bihar, India. Electronic address: gkazad@patnauniversity.ac.in.
⁸ Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology, Centre for Experimental Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁹ Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur WB-721172, India; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
¹⁰ Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Heath New Orleans, New Orleans 70112, USA. Electronic address: nbazan@lsuhsc.edu.
¹¹ University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: brufskyam@upmc.edu.
¹² School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. Electronic address: gchauhan@tec.mx.
¹³ Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur, 721140, West Bengal, India.
¹⁴ CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana State, India.
¹⁵ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
¹⁶ PanTherapeutics, Rte de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland.
¹⁷ University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark. Electronic address: mishra@mci.sdu.dk.
¹⁸ Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.
¹⁹ Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giorgio.palu@unipd.it.
²⁰ Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: pritam.panda@physics.uu.se.
²¹ Italian Agency for Development Cooperation - Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan.
²² Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
²³ Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: angel.serrano@ucv.es.
²⁴ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: sshercha@tulane.edu.
²⁵ Doctoral Student in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Austria. Electronic address: a11851761@unet.univie.ac.at.
²⁶ Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan. Electronic address: kazuo.takayama@cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
²⁷ School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: m.tambuwala@ulster.ac.uk.
²⁸ Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
²⁹ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: vuversky@usf.edu.

PMID: 34274539
PMCID: PMC8282442
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102909

No abstract available

Keywords: Autoimmune disease; Autoimmune response; Autoimmunity disorders; COVID-19; Rheumatoid arthritis; SARS-CoV-2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no competing interests for any author.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
The suggested scenarios behind how SARS-CoV-2 triggers autoimmune diseases. 1: Healthy 2: Infected 3: Moderate Damage (Accumulating fluid, reduced gas exchange) 4: Severe damage (Build-up of protein-rich fluid, very limited gas exchange), during moderate to severe (3-4) many cells type expects to damaged releasing their enzymatic molecules which may work on several extracellular matrices proteome creating neo-autoantigen which subsequently elicit the autoimmune response associate with the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Perrot L, Hemon M, Busnel JM, Muis-Pistor O, Picard C, Zandotti C, Pham T, Roudier J, Desplat-Jego S, Balandraud N. Perrot L, et al. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021 Jan;3(1):e6-e8. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30396-9. Epub 2020 Nov 23. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021. PMID: 33521668 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

References

1. Perrot L., Hemon M., Busnel J.M., Muis-Pistor O., Picard C., Zandotti C., et al. First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3:e6–e8. - PMC - PubMed
1. Wang E.Y., Mao T., Klein J., Dai Y., Huck J.D., Liu F., et al. 2020. Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19, medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences.
1. Halpert G., Shoenfeld Y. SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus. Autoimmun. Rev. 2020;19:102695. - PMC - PubMed
1. Hasseli R., Mueller-Ladner U., Schmeiser T., Hoyer B.F., Krause A., Lorenz H.M., et al. National registry for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Germany (ReCoVery): a valuable mean to gain rapid and reliable knowledge of the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with IRD. RMD open. 2020;6 - PMC - PubMed
1. Barzilai O., Ram M., Shoenfeld Y. Viral infection can induce the production of autoantibodies. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2007;19:636–643. - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Miscellaneous
- NCI CPTAC Assay Portal

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

The mechanism behind flaring/triggering of autoimmunity disorders associated with COVID-19

Affiliations

The mechanism behind flaring/triggering of autoimmunity disorders associated with COVID-19

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Comment on

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous