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Review
. 2021 Jul 1:12:649619.
doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649619. eCollection 2021.

Long Non-coding RNAs: Mechanisms, Experimental, and Computational Approaches in Identification, Characterization, and Their Biomarker Potential in Cancer

Anshika Chowdhary  1 , Venkata Satagopam  1 , Reinhard Schneider  1
Affiliations
Review

Long Non-coding RNAs: Mechanisms, Experimental, and Computational Approaches in Identification, Characterization, and Their Biomarker Potential in Cancer

Anshika Chowdhary et al. Front Genet. .

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs are diverse class of non-coding RNA molecules >200 base pairs of length having various functions like gene regulation, dosage compensation, epigenetic regulation. Dysregulation and genomic variations of several lncRNAs have been implicated in several diseases. Their tissue and developmental specific expression are contributing factors for them to be viable indicators of physiological states of the cells. Here we present an comprehensive review the molecular mechanisms and functions, state of the art experimental and computational pipelines and challenges involved in the identification and functional annotation of lncRNAs and their prospects as biomarkers. We also illustrate the application of co-expression networks on the TCGA-LIHC dataset for putative functional predictions of lncRNAs having a therapeutic potential in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Keywords: biomarker; cancer; lncRNAs; mechanisms; methods.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms of lncRNA. (A) Signals, (B) Guides, (C) Decoys, and (D) Scaffolds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
RNA-seq-based co-expression network analysis pipeline for identification of lncRNAs in pathways dysregulated in HCC from the TCGA-GTEx datasets.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Heatmaps of the correlations between lncRNAs-mRNAs with their corresponding cluster dendrograms of the datasets. The colors below the dendrogram indicate the clusters. (A) NAT tissue TCGA-LIHC project, (B) HCC tissue TCGA-LIHC project, and (C) Liver tissues from GTEx project.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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