Triple helices' perspectives on the availability of human and financial capital for biopharmaceutical innovation in select Central European ecosystems

Abstract

Here, we examine the perspective of triple helix actors (i.e., those in academia, government, and industry) related to the availability of human and financial capital in select Central European ecosystems. The actors perceive the lack of venture capital to be the top reason hindering the development of the biopharmaceutical industry in their region. The human capital area with the greatest shortage was the computational sciences/informatics. This was followed by clinical trials and regulatory affairs. The present paper should be of interest to scholars and those engaged in the biopharmaceutical industry and regional development.

Keywords: Biopharmaceutical industry; Ecosystems; Financial capital; Human capital; Venture capital.