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. 2021 Jun 30;93(2):189-194.
doi: 10.4081/aiua.2021.2.189.

Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries

Elenko Popov  1 , Murtadha Almusafer  2 , Arben Belba  3 , Jibril O Bello  4 , Kamran Hassan Bhatti  5 , Luca Boeri  6 , Kaloyan Davidoff  1 , Bm Zeeshan Hameed  7 , Adam Halinski  8 , Ita Pfeferman Heilberg  9 , Hongyi Hui  10 , Kremena Petkova  11 , Bapir Rawa  12 , Fernanda Guedes Rodrigues  9 , Iliya Saltirov  11 , Francisco R Spivacow  13 , Alberto Trinchieri  14 , Noor Buchholz  14
Affiliations
Free article

Obesity rates in renal stone formers from various countries

Elenko Popov et al. Arch Ital Urol Androl. .
Free article

Abstract

Objective: To collect evidence on the rate of obesity in renal stone formers (RSFs) living in different climatic areas and consuming different diets.

Materials and methods: Data of adult renal stone formers were retrospectively collected by members of U-merge from 13 participant centers in Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria (2), China, India, Iraq (2), Italy (2), Nigeria, Pakistan and Poland. The following data were collected: age, gender, weight, height, stone analysis and procedure of stone removal.

Results: In total, 1689 renal stone formers (1032 males, 657 females) from 10 countries were considered. Average age was 48 (±14) years, male to female ratio was 1.57 (M/F 1032/657), the average body mass index (BMI) was 26.5 (±4.8) kg/m2. The obesity rates of RSFs in different countries were significantly different from each other. The highest rates were observed in Pakistan (50%), Iraq (32%), and Brazil (32%), while the lowest rates were observed in China (2%), Nigeria (3%) and Italy (10%). Intermediate rates were observed in Argentina (17%), Bulgaria (17%), India (15%) and Poland (22%). The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate in the general population in Brazil, India, and Pakistan, whereas it was lower in Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Italy, and Nigeria, and similar in Iraq and Poland.

Conclusions: The age-adjusted obesity rate of RSFs was not higher than the age-adjusted obesity rate of the general population in most countries. The relationship between obesity and the risk of kidney stone formation should be reconsidered by further studies carried out in different populations.

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