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. 2021 Jul 15:14:907-917.
doi: 10.2147/JAA.S315202. eCollection 2021.

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge

Surapon Piboonpocanun  1 , Torpong Thongngarm  2 , Chamard Wongsa  2 , Punchama Pacharn  3 , Onrapak Reamtong  4 , Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan  2
Affiliations

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge

Surapon Piboonpocanun et al. J Asthma Allergy. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Various clinical patterns based on routes of sensitization and sensitized allergens are reported in adult-onset IgE-mediated wheat allergy. There is still a paucity of data on IgE-bound wheat allergen profiles in wheat challenge-proven adult-onset wheat allergic cases. Therefore, we aim to identify the major sensitized allergens in Thai adult-onset wheat allergic patients whose first symptom occurred after the age of 18 years despite previous tolerance.

Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study recruited patients from the Thai Adult-onset IgE-mediated Wheat Allergy Cohort (TAWAC). The sera of patients with mostly challenge-proven cases were selected for allergen study, including ImmunoCAP and IgE-bound gliadins along with glutenins profiles. The IgE-bound proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Direct binding of IgE to recombinant gliadin and glutenin was performed to confirm the results of immunoblot and LC-MS/MS.

Results: Eleven wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and 4 typical wheat allergy (WA) patients were enrolled. Serum IgE from >50% of bound proteins had a molecular weight ranging from 35 to 55 kDa in both gliadin and glutenin extracts. Further, ELISA demonstrated that γ-gliadin and ω5-gliadin were the most important major allergens. Other major allergens include α/β-gliadin, HMW glutenin, and possibly α-amylase inhibitor or LWM glutenin. Gamma-gliadin sensitization was found in all WA patients (4/4), while ω-5 gliadin was found in all WDEIA patients (11/11) from ELISA.

Conclusion: Wheat γ-gliadin and ω-5 gliadin are major wheat allergens among adult-onset wheat allergy patients in Thailand. Component-resolved diagnosis using γ-gliadin might be helpful in high suspicion of wheat allergy.

Keywords: allergens; anaphylaxis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; food allergy; gliadins; gluten; immediate hypersensitivity; prolamin; wheat allergy.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no personal, professional, or other conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Patient recruitment in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IgE immunoblotting of gliadin (A) and glutenin (B) extracts.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Direct binding ELISA. (A) γ-gliadin, (B) ω5-gliadin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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