Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jul 15:14:907-917.
doi: 10.2147/JAA.S315202. eCollection 2021.

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge

Surapon Piboonpocanun  1 , Torpong Thongngarm  2 , Chamard Wongsa  2 , Punchama Pacharn  3 , Onrapak Reamtong  4 , Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan  2
Affiliations

Omega-5 and Gamma Gliadin are the Major Allergens in Adult-Onset IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy: Results from Thai Cohort with Oral Food Challenge

Surapon Piboonpocanun et al. J Asthma Allergy. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Various clinical patterns based on routes of sensitization and sensitized allergens are reported in adult-onset IgE-mediated wheat allergy. There is still a paucity of data on IgE-bound wheat allergen profiles in wheat challenge-proven adult-onset wheat allergic cases. Therefore, we aim to identify the major sensitized allergens in Thai adult-onset wheat allergic patients whose first symptom occurred after the age of 18 years despite previous tolerance.

Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study recruited patients from the Thai Adult-onset IgE-mediated Wheat Allergy Cohort (TAWAC). The sera of patients with mostly challenge-proven cases were selected for allergen study, including ImmunoCAP and IgE-bound gliadins along with glutenins profiles. The IgE-bound proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). Direct binding of IgE to recombinant gliadin and glutenin was performed to confirm the results of immunoblot and LC-MS/MS.

Results: Eleven wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and 4 typical wheat allergy (WA) patients were enrolled. Serum IgE from >50% of bound proteins had a molecular weight ranging from 35 to 55 kDa in both gliadin and glutenin extracts. Further, ELISA demonstrated that γ-gliadin and ω5-gliadin were the most important major allergens. Other major allergens include α/β-gliadin, HMW glutenin, and possibly α-amylase inhibitor or LWM glutenin. Gamma-gliadin sensitization was found in all WA patients (4/4), while ω-5 gliadin was found in all WDEIA patients (11/11) from ELISA.

Conclusion: Wheat γ-gliadin and ω-5 gliadin are major wheat allergens among adult-onset wheat allergy patients in Thailand. Component-resolved diagnosis using γ-gliadin might be helpful in high suspicion of wheat allergy.

Keywords: allergens; anaphylaxis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; food allergy; gliadins; gluten; immediate hypersensitivity; prolamin; wheat allergy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no personal, professional, or other conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Patient recruitment in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IgE immunoblotting of gliadin (A) and glutenin (B) extracts.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Direct binding ELISA. (A) γ-gliadin, (B) ω5-gliadin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Tatham AS, Shewry PR. Allergens to wheat and related cereals. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(11):1712–1726. - PubMed
    1. Matricardi PM, Kleine-Tebbe J, Hoffmann HJ, et al. EAACI molecular allergology user’s guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2016;27(Suppl 23):1–250. - PubMed
    1. Battais F, Richard C, Jacquenet S, Denery-Papini S, Moneret-Vautrin DA. Wheat grain allergies: an update on wheat allergens. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;40(3):67–76. - PubMed
    1. Cianferoni A. Wheat allergy: diagnosis and management. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:13–25. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ebisawa M, Ito K, Fujisawa T. Committee for Japanese pediatric guideline for food allergy TJSoPA, Clinical Immunology TJSoA. Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;66(2):248–264. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources