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. 2021 Jul 19;26(14):4363.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26144363.

Optimization of MAE for the Separation of Nicotine and Phenolics from Tobacco Waste by Using the Response Surface Methodology Approach

Marija Banožić  1 , Ines Banjari  1 , Ivana Flanjak  1 , Mate Paštar  2 , Jelena Vladić  3 , Stela Jokić  1
Affiliations

Optimization of MAE for the Separation of Nicotine and Phenolics from Tobacco Waste by Using the Response Surface Methodology Approach

Marija Banožić et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

This study intends to valorize by-products of the industrial processing of tobacco to obtain nicotine and phenolics as value-added compounds. Three influential parameters of the microwave-assisted extraction-MAE (temperature, treatment time, and solvent/solid ratio) were studied for the optimization of the extraction protocol for tobacco leaves and three types of waste-scrap, dust, and midrib, respectively. Nicotine was the dominant bioactive compound in all extracts, ranging from 1.512 to 5.480% in leaves, 1.886 to 3.709% in scrap, 2.628 to 4.840% dust, and 0.867 to 1.783% in midrib extracts. Five phenolic compounds were identified and quantified, predominated by chlorogenic acid and rutin. Additionally, total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined using spectrophotometric assays. Optimization was performed in two aspects: to obtain a maximum extraction yield with minimum nicotine content and to obtain a maximum extraction yield with maximum nicotine content. These findings demonstrate that tobacco waste is a valuable source of bioactive compounds and MAE can be a promising alternative technique to obtain extracts rich in targeted bioactive compounds, especially nicotine.

Keywords: bioactive compounds; microwave-assisted extraction; optimization; tobacco waste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Three-dimensional (3D) plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on extraction yield of tobacco leaves.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on extraction yield of tobacco waste (type: scrap).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on extraction yield of tobacco waste (type: dust).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on extraction yield of tobacco waste (type: midrib).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on nicotine content in tobacco leaves.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on nicotine content in tobacco waste (type: scrap).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on nicotine content in tobacco waste (type: dust).
Figure 8
Figure 8
The 3D plot showing the combined effects of MAE process condition on nicotine content in tobacco waste (type: midrib).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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