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Review
. 2021 Jul 15;18(14):7553.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147553.

BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression-Role of Physical Exercise and Training

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz  1 , Mona Wiatr  2 , Maria Ciałowicz  3 , Gilmara Gomes de Assis  4 , Wojciech Borowicz  5 , Silvia Rocha-Rodrigues  6   7   8 , Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz  2 , Adilson Marques  9
Affiliations
Review

BDNF Impact on Biological Markers of Depression-Role of Physical Exercise and Training

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Depression is the most common and devastating psychiatric disorder in the world. Its symptoms, especially during the pandemic, are observed in all age groups. Exercise training (ET) is well known as a non-pharmacological strategy to alleviate clinical depression. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the biological factors whose expression and secretion are intensified in response to ET. BDNF is also secreted by contracted skeletal muscle that likely exerts para-, auto- and endocrine effects, supporting the crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other distant organs/tissues, such as the nervous system. This finding suggests that they communicate and work together to induce improvements on mood, cognition, and learning processes as BDNF is the main player in the neurogenesis, growth, and survival of neurons. Therefore, BDNF has been recognized as a therapeutic factor in clinical depression, especially in response to ET. The underlying mechanisms through which ET impacts depression are varied. The aim of this review was to provide information of the biological markers of depression such as monoamines, tryptophan, endocannabinoids, markers of inflammatory processes (oxidative stress and cytokines) stress and sex hormones and their relationship to BDNF. In addition, we reviewed the effects of ET on BNDF expression and how it impacts depression as well as the potential mechanisms mediating this process, providing a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in depression.

Keywords: BDNF; cognition; depression; exercise training; mood; myokines; physical activity; theories of depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Potential mechanisms of ET impact on BDNF to decrease depression symptoms. (PGC1-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biological markers of depression. (ROS, reactive oxygen species, BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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