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. 2021 Jul 17;18(14):7612.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147612.

Effects of 1 Year of Lifestyle Intervention on Institutionalized Older Adults

Daniele Magistro  1 , Fabio Carlevaro  2 , Francesca Magno  2   3 , Martina Simon  2 , Nicola Camp  1 , Noel Kinrade  1 , Massimiliano Zecca  4 , Giovanni Musella  2   3
Affiliations

Effects of 1 Year of Lifestyle Intervention on Institutionalized Older Adults

Daniele Magistro et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The socio-economic and health consequences of our ageing population are well documented, with older adults living in long-term care facilities amongst the frailest possessing specific and significant healthcare and social care needs. These needs may be exacerbated through the sedentary behaviour which is prevalent within care home settings. Reducing sedentary time can reduce the risk of many diseases and improve functional health, implying that improvements in health may be gained by simply helping older adults substitute time spent sitting with time spent standing or in light-intensity ambulation. This study identified the impact of 1 year of lifestyle intervention in a group of older adults living in a long-term care setting in Italy. One hundred and eleven older adults (mean age, 82.37 years; SD = 10.55 years) participated in the study. Sixty-nine older adults were in the intervention group (35 without severe cognitive decline and 34 with dementia) and 42 older adults were in the control group. Data on physical functioning, basic activities of daily living (BADL) and mood were collected 4 times, before, during (every four months) and after the 1 year of intervention. The lifestyle intervention focused on improving the amount of time spent every week in active behaviour and physical activity (minimum 150 min of weekly activities). All participants completed the training program and no adverse events, related to the program, occurred. The intervention group showed steady and significant improvements in physical functioning and a stable situation in BADL and mood following the intervention in older adults with and without dementia, whilst the control group exhibited a significant decline over time. These results suggest that engagement in a physical activity intervention may benefit care home residents with and without dementia both physically and mentally, leading to improved social care and a reduced burden on healthcare services.

Keywords: ADL; dementia; depression; mobility; physical activity; physical functioning.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Recruitment process and attendance information of the study population.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in mobility (Tinetti test) over time.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in upper limb strength (Arm curl test) over time (right arm = a; left arm = b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Changes in flexibility (Back Scratch test) over time (right arm = a; left arm = b).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Changes in autonomy (BADL) score over time.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes in depression (GDS) score over time (lower score indicates greater autonomy in daily living situations).
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