Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jul 18;18(14):7634.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147634.

The Causes of Occupational Accidents and Injuries in Romanian Firms: An Application of the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Test

Larisa Ivascu  1   2 , Muddassar Sarfraz  2   3 , Muhammad Mohsin  4 , Sobia Naseem  5 , Ilknur Ozturk  6
Affiliations

The Causes of Occupational Accidents and Injuries in Romanian Firms: An Application of the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality Test

Larisa Ivascu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Organizational risks are present in any activity, so it is important to manage them properly. The jobs are dynamic and involve a series of processes and activities. The entire human resource is exposed to several risks. If these risks are approached correctly, the organizational capacity to achieve its objectives and vision will increase considerably. This paper aims to investigate the relationships between work accidents (fatal and non-fatal) and the causes that contribute to their occurrence (causes dependent on the executor, causes dependent on the means of production, workload-dependent causes, and work-dependent causes-the work environment). The augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is employed to check the data stationarity series, while the Johansen test determines the cointegration relation of variables. The data have been collected from Romanian organizations. The vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test are applied for speed of adjustment, nature, and direction of variables' relationship. This research demonstrated that both data series are free from the unit-root problem at first difference. The lag length criterions select the third lag for model fitness, and Johansen cointegration declares that variables are cointegrated for the long term. The vector error correction model shows the speed of adjustment from the short to the long run is 83.35% and 42.60% for work and fatal accidents. The study results show that fatal accidents have a series relationship with selected cases for the short run and have a long-run relationship with the means of production. Fatal accidents are directly related to means of production. Fatal accidents are not designed by executors, workload-dependent causes, or work environments in the short run. Fatal accidents are directly related to the means of production and sudden incidents happening in the long run. Fatal accidents are considered by executors, workload-dependent causes, or work environments in the short run. In the long run, fatal accidents are directly related to the means of production and sudden incidents happening.

Keywords: ARDL model; accident risk; occupational and fatal accident; safety management; workplace health.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Conceptual framework.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flowchart of methodology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of Granger causality tests for short run.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Tortorella G., Cómbita-Niño J., Monsalvo-Buelvas J., Vidal-Pacheco L., Herrera-Fontalvo Z. Design of a methodology to incorporate lean manufacturing tools in risk management, to reduce work accidents at service companies. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2020;177:276–283. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.038. - DOI
    1. Eurostatt Accidents at Work by Sex, Age and Severity (NACE Rev. 2 Activity A, C-N) [(accessed on 17 December 2020)]; Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/hsw_mi01/default/table?la....
    1. Schenk L., Öberg M. Comparing data from the poisons information centre with employers’ accident reports reveal under-recognized hazards at the workplace. Ann. Work Expo. Health. 2018;62:517–529. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxy009. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Robert K., Elisabeth Q., Josef B. Analysis of occupational accidents with agricultural machinery in the period 2008–2010 in Austria. Saf. Sci. 2015;72:319–328. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2014.10.004. - DOI
    1. Ministry of Labor and Social Protection Occupational Safety and Health Legislation. [(accessed on 8 December 2020)]; Available online: http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/index.php/ro/53-munca/securitate-si-sanatate-i....