Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jul 16;10(14):3138.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10143138.

Comorbid Conditions in Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Myofascial Pain Compared to Fibromyalgia

Golnaz Barjandi  1 , Eva Kosek  2   3 , Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson  1   4 , Ana Miriam Velly  5   6   7 , Malin Ernberg  1
Affiliations

Comorbid Conditions in Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Myofascial Pain Compared to Fibromyalgia

Golnaz Barjandi et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

The impact of comorbidities in fibromyalgia (FM) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been well documented, but whether TMD sub-diagnoses myalgia (MYA) and myofascial pain with referral (MFP) differ regarding comorbidity is unclear. We aimed to elucidate this by studying the presence and associations of comorbidities in FM, MFP and MYA. An extended version of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD axis II questionnaire was used to examine demographics, pain and comorbidities in 81 patients with FM, 80 with MYA, and 81 with MFP. Patients with MFP and FM reported a higher percentage of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and insomnia compared to MYA. Patients with FM had more IBS, depression, and somatic symptom disorder versus MFP. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with anxiety, somatic symptoms disorder, pain catastrophizing, and perceived stress, as well as a greater number of comorbidities, were more likely to have MFP than MYA, whereas FM participants were more associated with IBS, somatic symptoms and insomnia compared to MFP. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with widespread pain but not pain duration, body mass index or being on sick leave. In conclusion, patients with MFP were more similar to those with FM regarding comorbidity and should be differentiated from MYA in clinical settings and pain management.

Keywords: anxiety; catastrophization; chronic pain; comorbidity; depression; insomnia; irritable bowel syndrome; musculoskeletal pain; psychological distress; self-reports.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

References

    1. Raja S.N., Carr D.B., Cohen M., Finnerup N.B., Flor H., Gibson S., Keefe F.J., Mogil J.S., Ringkamp M., Sluka K.A., et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: Concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020;161:1976–1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Breivik H., Collett B., Ventafridda V., Cohen R., Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur. J. Pain. 2006;10:287. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blyth F.M., Briggs A.M., Schneider C.H., Hoy D.G., March L.M. The Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Pain—Where to From Here? Am. J. Public Health. 2019;109:35–40. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304747. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wolfe F., Smythe H.A., Yunus M.B., Bennett R.M., Bombardier C., Goldenberg D.L., Tugwell P., Campbell S.M., Abeles M., Clark P., et al. The american college of rheumatology. Criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:160–172. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330203. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wolfe F., Clauw D.J., Fitzcharles M.A., Goldenberg D.L., Häuser W., Katz R.L., Mease P.J., Russell A.S., Russell I.J., Walitt B. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:319–329. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources