Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jul 24;21(1):376.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01720-y.

Prevalence of periodontitis in obese patients in Bahrain: a cross-sectional study

Leena Alsalihi  1 , Crawford Bain  2 , Alexander Milosevic  3 , Amar Hassan  4 , Abeer Janahi  5 , Gowri Sivaramakrishnan  6
Affiliations

Prevalence of periodontitis in obese patients in Bahrain: a cross-sectional study

Leena Alsalihi et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: Adult obesity has been associated with various systemic diseases and is an increasing problem in Bahrain. Recent evidence indicates a correlation between adult obesity and periodontitis. Hence the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontitis in overweight/obese adults in Bahrain and to determine the factors associated with periodontitis in these obese adults.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in overweight subjects attending Ministry of Health (MOH) Nutrition Clinics at primary health centers in Bahrain. After obtaining the institutional ethics approval, the demographic and anthropometric data, including Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) using World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for severity of obesity, were recorded. Periodontal status was measured using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the extent and severity of periodontal disease were categorized according to the number of sextants with CPI codes 3 and 4.

Results: A total of 372 participated with a mean age 44.0 (± 10.5) years for males, and 42.5 (± 11.2) years for females. Periodontitis was present in 361 (97%) of participants. Hypertension and diabetes were the most prevalent co-morbidities at 23.4% and 16% respectively. Mean WC was significantly greater in males at 114 cm (± 15.6) compared to females 109.5 cm (± 12.5) (p < 0.001). BMI was not associated with severity or extent of periodontitis but WC was weakly correlated in males but not in females (Spearman rho = + 0.2, p < 0.05). In the logistic regression model using overall WC to predict the severity of periodontitis, the adjusted OR was 1.02 (95% CI 1.00-1.04) and for age it was 1.05 (95% CI 1.00-1.07).

Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontitis was high in this sample of overweight Bahrainis. BMI was not correlated with periodontitis but WC had a weak positive correlation. Implementation of periodontal health screening as a routine part of a nutrition clinic program is recommended.

Keywords: Bodyweight; Obese; Overweight; Periodontal disease.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Leena Alsalihi declares that she has no conflict of interest. Gowri Sivaramakrishnan declares that she has no conflict of interest. Professor Crawford Bain declares that he has no conflict of interest. Professor Alexander Milosevic has no conflict of interest. Abeer Janahi has no conflict of interest. Amar Hassan has no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Model linking periodontitis, and obesity with inflammatory related chronic diseases
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization. Overweight and Obesity. Fact sheet. Available @ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight Accessed on 30 March 2021.
    1. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384:766–781. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization. Burden of oral disease.2004.Available @ https://www.who.int/oral_health/disease_burden/global/en/index.html Accessed on 30 March 2021
    1. Suvan J, Petrie A, Nibali L, Darbar U, Rakmanee T, Donos N, D'Aiuto F. Association between overweight/obesity and increased risk of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42:733–739. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12421. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Suvan J, D’Aiuto F, Moles D, Petrie A, Donos N. Association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis in adults. A systematic review. Obes Rev. 2011;12:e381–e404. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00808.x. - DOI - PubMed