A study on the effects of meteorological and climatic factors on the COVID-19 spread in Canada during 2020

Abstract

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has infected more than three million people, with thousands of deaths and millions of people into quarantine. In this research, the authors focus on meteorological and climatic factors on the COVID-19 spread, the main parameters including daily new cases of COVID-19, carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), PM_2.5, Ozone (O₃), average temperature, and humidity are examined to understand how different meteorological parameters affect the COVID-19 spread in Canada? The graphical quantitative analysis results indicate that CO₂ emissions, air quality, temperature, and humidity have a direct negative relationship with COVID-19 infections. Quantile regression analysis revealed that air quality, Nitrogen, and Ozone significantly induce the COVID-19 spread across Canadian provinces. The findings of this study are contrary to the earlier studies, which argued that weather and climate change significantly increase COVID-19 infections. We suggested that meteorological and climatic factors might be critical to reducing the COVID-19 new cases in Canada based on the findings. This work's empirical conclusions can provide a guideline for future research and policymaking to stop the COVID-19 spread across Canadian provinces.

Keywords: Air quality; CO2 emission; COVID-19; Canada; Humidity; Quantile on quantile; Temperature.

Fig. 1

Daily COVID-19 cases in Canada

Fig. 2

Recent Trent of Environmental Pollutants in Canada

Fig. 3

Impact of Carbon on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 4

Impact of Nitrogen dioxide on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 5

Impact of Sulfur on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 6

Impact of PM2.5 on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 7

Impact of Ozone on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 8

Impact of Temperature on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 9

Impact of Humidity on COVID-19 cases

Fig. 10

Quantile regression graph shows the impact of climate variables on COVID-19 cases