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Review
. 2021 Jul 9:8:674515.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.674515. eCollection 2021.

Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Cattle Diseases Not Regulated by the European Union

Jaka Jakob Hodnik  1 , Tanja Knific  2 , Jože Starič  1 , Ivan Toplak  3 , Matjaž Ocepek  4 , Peter Hostnik  3 , Jožica Ježek  1
Affiliations
Review

Overview of Slovenian Control Programmes for Cattle Diseases Not Regulated by the European Union

Jaka Jakob Hodnik et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The European Union (EU) regulates the control of cattle diseases listed in categories A and B of the Animal Health Law (AHL). However, the control of other cattle diseases that have no, or limited EU regulation, is left to each member state. Slovenia has five control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases: bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bluetongue and anthrax. Two (IBR and BVD) are voluntary and the others (EBL, anthrax and bluetongue) are compulsory. The three compulsory CPs are funded by the government. All the CPs are run by the government and laboratory tests are performed by the National Veterinary Institute. The rules for the CPs are laid down in Slovenian legislation. In addition, there is a national directive for the control of salmonellosis. Both BVD and IBR are endemic and have CPs based on increased biosecurity, testing and culling or vaccination, financed by the animal owners. Slovenia has been officially free of EBL since 2005 and carries out surveillance based on serological testing of a representative number of herds and inspection of carcasses at slaughter or necropsy. Vaccination is the main disease control measure for anthrax (sporadic) and bluetongue (currently perceived free-vaccination since 2017). Lack of motivation of farmers to participate in voluntary disease CPs and to implement and follow strict biosecurity measures are the most pressing issues in improving the health status of Slovenian cattle. An overview of the existing CPs and the circumstances leading to their implementation are presented.

Keywords: bovine; cattle trade; disease control; disease surveillance; infectious diseases; legislation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cattle density in Slovenia by statistical regions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Autochthones Slovenian Cika breed [Foto by Podobnik Franci https://www.cikastogovedo.si/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/veselka-si-43459306-podobnik-franci.jpg (accessed December 21, 2020)].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Location of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) officially free herds. Note that the only herd free of IBR also has a BVD-free status but the markers are misaligned for better visualisation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Location of the all 106 anthrax districts in Slovenia, in 2019 (34).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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