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. 2021 Dec:123:107044.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107044. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Assessing online gaming and pornography consumption patterns during COVID-19 isolation using an online survey: Highlighting distinct avenues of problematic internet behavior

Samantha N Sallie  1 , Valentin J E Ritou  2 , Henrietta Bowden-Jones  3 , Valerie Voon  4
Affiliations

Assessing online gaming and pornography consumption patterns during COVID-19 isolation using an online survey: Highlighting distinct avenues of problematic internet behavior

Samantha N Sallie et al. Addict Behav. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

Background and aim: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required drastic safety precautions to contain virus spread, involving a protracted self-isolation period. Those with greater perceived or actual life stress are vulnerable to develop problematic internet behaviors. Thus, we assessed how COVID-19 social isolation affected online gaming (OG) and pornography viewing (PV) in the general population.

Methods: We developed an online cross-sectional survey, Habit Tracker (HabiT), completed by 1,344 adults (≥18 years). HabiT was released internationally with individuals from 80 countries participating; a majority residing in the United States and United Kingdom. We measured changes in OG (IGDS9-SF) and PV (CYPAT) behaviors before and during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We also assessed psychiatric factors such as anxiety, depression (HADS), and impulsivity (SUPPS-P). The primary outcome measures were change in amount of, and current OG and PV severity during quarantine. These measures were related to ten COVID-19-related stress factors.

Results: Overall, we observed a large increase in OG and a minor increase in PV. Those who increased OG (63%) and PV (43%) during quarantine were younger individuals, males, those who left the quarantine household infrequently, those who reported low frequency or poor quality social interactions, and those with higher depression, anxiety, and urgency impulsivity.

Discussion: Our findings highlight similarities between forms of problematic internet behaviors driven by stress, depression, anxiety; while highlighting distinct avenues which these behaviors can manifest.

Conclusion: We emphasize the relevance of identifying those in need of emotional regulation interventions, to mitigate problematic internet behaviors in the context of COVID-19 isolation.

Keywords: COVID-19; Internet use; Online gaming; Pornography; Self-isolation; Stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Changes in amount and current severity of online gaming (OG) behaviors in the HabiT sample between pre-quarantine and quarantine periods. Weekly hours of OG largely increased (left) and more individuals increased OG their weekly hours OG during quarantine (center). Those who increased their weekly hours of OG during the quarantine period had significantly higher OG (IGDS9-SF) severity indices (right) compared to those who decreased or did not change their weekly hours during the quarantine period. The number of asterisks in each graph represents significance level: p ≤ 0.05*, p < .005**, p < .0005***, p < .00005****.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in amount and current severity of pornography viewing (PV) behaviors in the HabiT sample between pre-quarantine and quarantine periods. Weekly hours of PV increased minorly, but significantly during the quarantine period (left) and more individuals either increased or decreased their weekly hours of PV during quarantine than remained the same (center). Those who increased their weekly hours of PV during the quarantine period had significantly higher PV (CYPAT) severity indices (right) compared to those who decreased or did not change their weekly hours during the quarantine period. The number of asterisks in each graph represents significance level: p ≤ 0.05*, p < .005**, p < .0005***, p < .00005****.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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