Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1949095.
doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1949095.

Effect of different bile acids on the intestine through enterohepatic circulation based on FXR

Junwei Xiang  1   2 , Zhengyan Zhang  1   2 , Hongyi Xie  1   2 , Chengcheng Zhang  1   2 , Yan Bai  3 , Hua Cao  4 , Qishi Che  5 , Jiao Guo  2 , Zhengquan Su  1
Affiliations
Review

Effect of different bile acids on the intestine through enterohepatic circulation based on FXR

Junwei Xiang et al. Gut Microbes. 2021 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor for bile acids (BAs) that is widely expressed in the intestine, liver and kidney. FXR has important regulatory impacts on a wide variety of metabolic pathways (such as glucose, lipid, and sterol metabolism) and has been recognized to ameliorate obesity, liver damage, cholestasis and chronic inflammatory diseases. The types of BAs are complex and diverse. BAs link the intestine with the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. BAs derivatives have entered clinical trials for liver disease. In addition to the liver, the intestine is also targeted by BAs. This article reviews the effects of different BAs on the intestinal tract through the enterohepatic circulation from the perspective of FXR, aiming to elucidate the effects of different BAs on the intestinal tract and lay a foundation for new treatment methods.

Keywords: Bile acids; FXR; enterohepatic circulation; intestine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure1.
Figure1.
Structure diagram of bile acids. Abbreviations: Cholic acid (CA), Hyodeoxycholic acid (HCA), α-Muricholic acid (α-MCA), β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA), ω-Muricholic acid (ω-MCA), Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), Deoxycholic acid (DCA), Lithocholic acid (LCA), Murideoxycholic acid (MDCA); Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
FXR receptor structure diagram. Abbreviations: N-terminal ligand-independent transcription activation domain (AF1), DNA binding domain (DBD), ligand binding domain (LBD), carboxy-terminal ligand-dependent transcription activation domain (AF2)
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Synthesis and transformation of BAs in liver and intestine. Abbreviations: cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1); sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1); oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1); sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1); acyl-CoA oxidase 2(ACOX2); bile acid–CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT); bile salt hydrolase (BSH); 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B7); D-bifunctional protein (HSD17B4)
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Conversion of bile acids in the intestine. (a). Conjugated BAs: T/GCA structural transformation in the intestine. (b). Conjugated BAs: T/GCDCA structural transformation in the intestine. Abbreviations: 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH); (3α-HSDH) 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; sterol 6β-hydroxylase (Cyp2c70); bile salt hydrolase (BSH)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wan YD, Zhu RX, Pan XT, Sun TW.. Bile acid supplementation improves murine pancreatitis in association with the gut microbiota. Front Physiol. 2020;11:650. doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00650. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Martinot E, Sèdes L, Baptissart M, Lobaccaro JM, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Bile acids and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med. 2017;56:2–17. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Taoka H, Yokoyama Y, Morimoto K, Kitamura N, Tanigaki T, Takashina Y, Tsubota K, Watanabe M. Role of bile acids in the regulation of the metabolic pathways. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(13):260–270. doi:10.4239/wjd.v7.i13.260. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arab JP, Karpen SJ, Dawson PA, Arrese M, Trauner M. Bile acids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Hepatology. 2017;65(1):350–362. doi:10.1002/hep.28709. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Joyce SA, Gahan CG. Disease-associated changes in bile acid profiles and links to altered gut microbiota. Dig Dis. 2017;35(3):169–177. doi:10.1159/000450907. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources