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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Jul 1;22(7):1987-1995.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.7.1987.

Breast Cancer Risk From Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Palestinian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Heba Mohammed Arafat  1 , Julia Omar  1 , Rosediani Muhamad  2 , Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani  1 , Noorazliyana Shafii  1 , Nahed Ali Al Laham  3 , Ihab Naser  4 , Ohood Mohammed Shamallakh  5 , Kholoud Mohammed Shamallakh  5 , Majed Abed Al Rahman Jebril  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Breast Cancer Risk From Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Palestinian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Heba Mohammed Arafat et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is known as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, and it is increasing globally. Identifying risk factors for BC is a key point in developing preventive strategies to reduce its occurrence. Herein, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis focus on the risk factors for BC in Palestine.

Material and methods: We performed a systematic search via PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Emerald Insight, and Google scholar for identifying studies published on BC risk factors up to March 2021. Pooled odds ratios (OR) are calculated using fixed and random-effect models. Data were processed using Review Manager 5.4 (RevMan 5.4).

Results: From a total of 73 articles, seven case-control studies met the criteria for systematic review. Meta-analysis results showed that of the known modifiable risk factors for BC, diabetes mellitus (DM) had the highest odds ratio (OR = 4.97, 95% CI 3.00- 8.25) followed by hypertension (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.96-5.23), obesity (BMI >30 Kg/m2) (OR = 2.90, 95% CI 2.00- 4.21), and passive smoking (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.12- 2.02). Controversially, breastfeeding (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.23- 0.61) was protective factor in BC. Of non-modifiable risk factors for BC has reached menopause had the highest odds ratio (OR = 3.74, 95% CI 2.64- 5.29), followed by family history of BC (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.07-6.44) and age (≥ 40 years) (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.43-4.34).

Conclusions: The most significant predictors of BC in Palestine were DM, hypertension, passive smokers, age (>40), reached menopause, and family history of BC. Almost all these risk factors are consistent with known risk factors for breast cancer in other parts of the world.<br />.

Keywords: Meta-analysis; Palestinian women; breast cancer; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (The PRISMA) Flowchart
Figure 2
Figure 2
Modifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Figure 3
Figure 3
Non-Modifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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