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. 2021 Aug 11;29(8):1305-1315.e6.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.001. Epub 2021 Jul 27.

Global genome analysis reveals a vast and dynamic anellovirus landscape within the human virome

Cesar A Arze  1 , Simeon Springer  1 , Gytis Dudas  2 , Sneha Patel  1 , Agamoni Bhattacharyya  1 , Harish Swaminathan  1 , Carlo Brugnara  3 , Simon Delagrave  1 , Tuyen Ong  1 , Avak Kahvejian  4 , Yann Echelard  4 , Erica G Weinstein  4 , Roger J Hajjar  4 , Kristian G Andersen  5 , Nathan L Yozwiak  6
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Free article

Global genome analysis reveals a vast and dynamic anellovirus landscape within the human virome

Cesar A Arze et al. Cell Host Microbe. .
Free article

Abstract

Anelloviruses are a ubiquitous component of healthy human viromes and remain highly prevalent after being acquired early in life. The full extent of "anellome" diversity and its evolutionary dynamics remain unexplored. We employed in-depth sequencing of blood-transfusion donor(s)-recipient pairs coupled with public genomic resources for a large-scale assembly of anellovirus genomes and used the data to characterize global and personal anellovirus diversity through time. The breadth of the anellome is much greater than previously appreciated, and individuals harbor unique anellomes and transmit lineages that can persist for several months within a diverse milieu of endemic host lineages. Anellovirus sequence diversity is shaped by extensive recombination at all levels of divergence, hindering traditional phylogenetic analyses. Our findings illuminate the transmission dynamics and vast diversity of anelloviruses and set the foundation for future studies to characterize their biology.

Keywords: anellome; anellovirus; blood transfusion; genomics; phylogenetics; virome; virus sequencing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests C.A.A., S.S., S.P., A.B., H.S., S.D., R.J.H., T.O., and N.L.Y. are employees of, and hold equity in, Ring Therapeutics. K.G.A is a paid consultant and holds equity in Ring Therapeutics. G.D. is a paid consultant of Ring Therapeutics. A.K., Y.E., and E.G.W. are employees of Flagship Pioneering, which provides funding to Ring Therapeutics. A.K., Y.E., and E.G.W. hold equity in Ring Therapeutics. A.K. is a board member of Ring Therapeutics. C.A.A., S.S., N.L.Y., K.G.A., E.G.W., A.K., S.D., Y.E., and R.J.H. are inventors on patent applications related to the research described here.

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