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. 2021 Jul 29;19(1):170.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02037-x.

Temporal trends in cause-specific mortality among individuals with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study

Jelena Kornej  1   2 , Qiuxi Huang  3 , Sarah R Preis  2   3 , Steven A Lubitz  4   5 , Darae Ko  1 , Joanne M Murabito  2   6 , Emelia J Benjamin  1   2   7 , Ludovic Trinquart  8   9
Affiliations

Temporal trends in cause-specific mortality among individuals with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in the Framingham Heart Study

Jelena Kornej et al. BMC Med. .

Abstract

Background: All-cause mortality following atrial fibrillation (AF) has decreased over time. Data regarding temporal trends in causes of death among individuals with AF are scarce. The aim of our study was to analyze temporal trends in cause-specific mortality and predictors for cardiovascular (CVD) and non-CVD deaths among participants with incident AF in the Framingham Heart Study.

Methods: We categorized all newly diagnosed AF cases according to age at AF diagnosis (< 70, 70 to < 80, and ≥ 80 years) and epoch of AF diagnosis (< 1990, 1990-2002, and ≥ 2003). We followed participants until death or the last follow-up. We categorized death causes into CVD, non-CVD, and unknown causes. For each age group, we tested for trends in the cumulative incidence of cause-specific death across epochs. We fit multivariable Fine-Gray models to assess subdistribution hazard ratios (HR) between clinical risk factors at AF diagnosis and cause-specific mortality.

Results: We included 2125 newly diagnosed AF cases (mean age 75.5 years, 47.8% women). During a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 1657 individuals with AF died. There was evidence of decreasing CVD mortality among AF cases diagnosed < 70 years and 70 to < 80 years (ptrend < 0.001) but not ≥ 80 years (p = 0.76). Among the cases diagnosed < 70 years, the cumulative incidence of CVD death at 75 years was 67.7% in epoch 1 and 13.9% in epoch 3; among those 70 to < 80 years, the incidence at 85 years was 58.9% in epoch 1 and 18.9% in epoch 3. Advancing age (HR per 1 SD increase 6.33, 95% CI 5.44 to 7.37), prior heart failure (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.94), and prior myocardial infarction (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15-1.80) were associated with increased rate of CVD death.

Conclusions: In this community-based cohort, CVD mortality among AF cases decreased over time. Most deaths in individuals with AF are no longer CVD-related, regardless of age at AF diagnosis.

Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Cardiovascular mortality; Death; Epidemiology; Temporal trends.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Lubitz receives sponsored research support from Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fitbit, and IBM and has consulted for Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Bayer AG, and Blackstone Life Sciences. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cumulative incidences of cause-specific mortality among AF cases < 70 years and epoch of diagnosis. In each group defined by age at diagnosis and epoch of diagnosis, the plot shows age as the time scale on the horizontal axis and the cumulative incidence for each cause of death on the vertical axis. Each cumulative incidence curve starts with the youngest case at the time of diagnosis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cumulative incidences of cause-specific mortality among AF cases 70–79 years and epoch of diagnosis
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Cumulative incidences of cause-specific mortality among AF cases ≥ 80 years and epoch of diagnosis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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