Testing Saliva to Reveal the Submerged Cases of the COVID-19 Iceberg

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.721635

. 2021 Jul 12:12:721635.

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721635. eCollection 2021.

Testing Saliva to Reveal the Submerged Cases of the COVID-19 Iceberg

Elisa Borghi¹, Valentina Massa¹, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti², Anne L Wyllie³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
² Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
³ Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.

PMID: 34322114
PMCID: PMC8312273
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721635

Testing Saliva to Reveal the Submerged Cases of the COVID-19 Iceberg

Elisa Borghi et al. Front Microbiol. 2021.

. 2021 Jul 12:12:721635.

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721635. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Elisa Borghi¹, Valentina Massa¹, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti², Anne L Wyllie³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
² Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
³ Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.

PMID: 34322114
PMCID: PMC8312273
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.721635

No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; active surveillance; asymptomatic carriers; saliva.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
SARS-CoV-2 detection is sensitive and reliable in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic subjects as well as in the early stages of the infection.

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References

1. Al-Tawfiq J. A. (2020). Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 35:101608. 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101608 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Borghi E., Massa V., Carmagnola D., Dellavia C., Parodi C., Ottaviano E., et al. . (2021). Saliva sampling for chasing SARS-CoV-2: a game-changing strategy. Pharmacol. Res. 165:105380. 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105380 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Butler-Laporte G., Lawandi A., Schiller I., Yao M., Dendukuri N., McDonald E. G., et al. . (2021). Comparison of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid amplification testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 181, 353–360. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8876 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Cañete M. G., Valenzuela I. M., Garcés P. C., Mass,ó I. C., González M. J., Providell S. G. (2021). Saliva sample for the massive screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 131, 540–548. 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.028 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Caulley L., Corsten M., Eapen L., Whelan J., Angel J. B., Antonation K., et al. . (2021). Salivary detection of COVID-19. Ann. Intern. Med. 174, 131–133. 10.7326/M20-4738 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Al-Tawfiq J. A. (2020). Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 35:101608. 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101608 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Al-Tawfiq J. A. (2020). Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 35:101608. 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101608 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Borghi E., Massa V., Carmagnola D., Dellavia C., Parodi C., Ottaviano E., et al. . (2021). Saliva sampling for chasing SARS-CoV-2: a game-changing strategy. Pharmacol. Res. 165:105380. 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105380 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Borghi E., Massa V., Carmagnola D., Dellavia C., Parodi C., Ottaviano E., et al. . (2021). Saliva sampling for chasing SARS-CoV-2: a game-changing strategy. Pharmacol. Res. 165:105380. 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105380 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Butler-Laporte G., Lawandi A., Schiller I., Yao M., Dendukuri N., McDonald E. G., et al. . (2021). Comparison of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid amplification testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 181, 353–360. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8876 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Butler-Laporte G., Lawandi A., Schiller I., Yao M., Dendukuri N., McDonald E. G., et al. . (2021). Comparison of saliva and nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid amplification testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 181, 353–360. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8876 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Cañete M. G., Valenzuela I. M., Garcés P. C., Mass,ó I. C., González M. J., Providell S. G. (2021). Saliva sample for the massive screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 131, 540–548. 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.028 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Cañete M. G., Valenzuela I. M., Garcés P. C., Mass,ó I. C., González M. J., Providell S. G. (2021). Saliva sample for the massive screening of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 131, 540–548. 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.01.028 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Caulley L., Corsten M., Eapen L., Whelan J., Angel J. B., Antonation K., et al. . (2021). Salivary detection of COVID-19. Ann. Intern. Med. 174, 131–133. 10.7326/M20-4738 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Caulley L., Corsten M., Eapen L., Whelan J., Angel J. B., Antonation K., et al. . (2021). Salivary detection of COVID-19. Ann. Intern. Med. 174, 131–133. 10.7326/M20-4738 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Testing Saliva to Reveal the Submerged Cases of the COVID-19 Iceberg

Affiliations

Testing Saliva to Reveal the Submerged Cases of the COVID-19 Iceberg

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

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References

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