A BRD4-mediated elongation control point primes transcribing RNA polymerase II for 3'-processing and termination

Abstract

Transcription elongation has emerged as a regulatory hub in gene expression of metazoans. A major control point occurs during early elongation before RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is released into productive elongation. Prior research has linked BRD4 with transcription elongation. Here, we use rapid BET protein and BRD4-selective degradation along with quantitative genome-wide approaches to investigate direct functions of BRD4 in Pol II transcription regulation. Notably, as an immediate consequence of acute BRD4 loss, promoter-proximal pause release is impaired, and transcriptionally engaged Pol II past this checkpoint undergoes readthrough transcription. An integrated proteome-wide analysis uncovers elongation and 3'-RNA processing factors as core BRD4 interactors. BRD4 ablation disrupts the recruitment of general 3'-RNA processing factors at the 5'-control region, which correlates with RNA cleavage and termination defects. These studies, performed in human cells, reveal a BRD4-mediated checkpoint and begin to establish a molecular link between 5'-elongation control and 3'-RNA processing.

Keywords: 3’-RNA processing; BET proteins; BRD4; PAF1 complex; RNA polymerase II; checkpoint; promoter-proximal pausing; readthrough; transcription elongation; transcription termination.