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. 2022 Dec 22;60(6):2101273.
doi: 10.1183/13993003.01273-2021. Print 2022 Dec.

Smoking quantitatively increases risk for COVID-19

Fuquan Zhang  1 , Ancha Baranova  2   3
Affiliations

Smoking quantitatively increases risk for COVID-19

Fuquan Zhang et al. Eur Respir J. .

Abstract

A one standard deviation increase in cigarettes smoked per day is associated with 2.5-fold increased risk for very severe COVID-19 and 2-fold increased risk for hospitalisation with COVID-19 https://bit.ly/2UuVO1o

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: F. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Baranova has nothing to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Causal associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and smoking and alcohol drinking. CPD1: cigarettes per day from Liu et al. [1]; CPD2: cigarettes per day from Erzurumluoglu et al. [2]; CPY: cigarette pack-years from Erzurumluoglu et al. [2]; AOS: the age at which an individual started smoking cigarettes regularly from Liu et al. [1]; SMK1: smoking from Liu et al. [1]; SMK2: smoking from Erzurumluoglu et al. [2]; SMK3: smoking from Karlsson Linnér et al. [3]; DPW1: alcohol drinks per week from Liu et al. [1]; DPW2: alcohol drinks per week from Karlsson Linnér et al. [3]; DPD: alcohol drinking per day from Evangelou et al. [4]; IVW: inverse variance weighted; WM: weighted mean; Egger: MR Egger; RE: random effects. a) Mendelian randomisation analysis. Rows are exposures with different methods and columns are outcomes. b) Meta-analysis of the causal effects from IVW model. Rows are exposures with different methods and columns are outcomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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