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. 2022 Jun;48(3):2183-2188.
doi: 10.1007/s00068-021-01754-5. Epub 2021 Jul 29.

Delayed diagnosed trauma in severely injured patients despite guidelines-oriented emergency room treatment: there is still a risk

Arnold J Suda  1 , Kristine Baran  2 , Suna Brunnemer  2 , Manuela Köck  2 , Udo Obertacke  2 , David Eschmann  2
Affiliations

Delayed diagnosed trauma in severely injured patients despite guidelines-oriented emergency room treatment: there is still a risk

Arnold J Suda et al. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Purpose: Emergency trauma room treatment follows established algorithms such as ATLS®. Nevertheless, there are injuries that are not immediately recognized here. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual risk for manifesting life-threatening injuries despite strict adherence to trauma room guidelines, which is different to missed injuries that describe recognizable injuries.

Methods: In a retrospective study, we included 2694 consecutive patients admitted to the emergency trauma room of one single level I trauma center between 2016 and 2019. In accordance with the trauma room algorithm, primary and secondary survey, trauma whole-body CT scan, eFAST, and tertiary survey were performed. Patients who needed emergency surgery during their hospital stay for additional injury found after guidelines-oriented emergency trauma room treatment were analyzed.

Results: In seven patients (0.26%; mean age 50.4 years, range 18-90; mean ISS 39.7, range 34-50), a life-threatening injury occurred in the further course: one epidural bleeding (13 h after tertiary survey) and six abdominal hollow organ injuries (range 5.5 h-4 days after tertiary survey). Two patients (0.07% overall) with abdominal injury died. The "number needed to fail" was 385 (95%-CI 0.0010-0.0053).

Conclusion: Our study reveals a remaining risk for delayed diagnosis of potentially lethal injuries despite accurate emergency trauma room algorithms. In other words, there were missed injuries that could have been identified using this algorithm but were missed due to other reasons. Continuous clinical and instrument-based examinations should, therefore, not be neglected after completion of the tertiary survey.

Level of evidence: Level II: Development of diagnostic criteria on the basis of consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

Keywords: ATLS®; Delayed diagnosed injury; Missed injury; Number needed to fail; Trauma algorithm.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

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