Colloidal and vesicular delivery system for herbal bioactive constituents

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective of the present review is to explore and examine the effectiveness of currently developed novel techniques to resolve the issues which are associated with the herbal constituents/extract.

Methods: A systematic thorough search and collection of reviewed information from Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar databases based on various sets of key phrases have been performed. All the findings from these data have been studied and briefed based on their relevant and irrelevant information.

Result: Herbal drugs are gaining more popularity in the modern world due to their applications in curing various ailments with minimum toxic effects, side effect or adverse effect. However, various challenges exist with herbal extracts/plant actives such as poor solubility (water/lipid), poor permeation, lack of targeting specificity, instability in highly acidic pH, and liver metabolism, etc. Nowadays with the expansion in the technology, novel drug delivery system provides avenues and newer opportunity towards the delivery of herbal drugs with improved physical chemical properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Developing nano-strategies like Polymeric nanoparticles, Liposomes, Niosomes, Microspheres, Phytosomes, Nanoemulsion and Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System, etc. imparts benefits for delivery of phyto formulation and herbal bioactives. Nano formulation of phytoconstituents/ herbal extract could lead to enhancement of aqueous solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, stability, reduce toxicity, permeation, sustained delivery, protection from enzymatic degradation, etc. CONCLUSION: Based on the above findings, the conclusion can be drawn that the nano sized novel drug delivery systems of herbal and herbal bioactives have a potential future for upgrading the pharmacological action and defeating or overcoming the issues related with these constituents. The aims of the present review was to summarize and critically analyze the recent development of nano sized strategies for promising phytochemicals delivery systems along with their therapeutic applications supported by experimental evidence and discussing the opportunities for further aspects.

Keywords: Drug delivery system; Herbal medicine; Nano-strategies; Vesicular carriers.

Fig. 1

Phyto phospholipid complex structure by micelle formation (Phytosome) [3] [2]

Fig. 2

Processing steps for preparation of phytosomes [18, 21, 24, 25]

Fig. 3

Structure of new generation liposome carrier system. (A) Conventional liposome (B) Cellular membrane coated liposome (antibody) (C) Polymer functionalized liposome (D) Different lamellar vesicles liposome (E) Core- shell lipid polymer liposome (F) Surface modified immuno liposome (G) Multi lamellar liposome. [18, 43, 44]

Fig. 4

Systemic presentation of modification of convention liposome into PEG coated liposome for specific target delivery of active component.. [3] [43]

Fig. 5

Delivery of active drug substance by Niosome. [3, 14] [61]

Fig. 6

Methods of Preparation for Niosomes. [42] [61] [63] [64]

Fig. 7

The mechanism of drug absorption by emulsifying drug delivery. [5] [20, 110]

Fig. 8

Absorption of active component through hydrogen drug delivery system [122] [123]