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. 2021 Jul 30;22(1):645.
doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04536-7.

Implications of gender-based variabilities in bone mineral density and hemoglobin levels

Yumei Zhou  1 , Shengjun Liu  2 , Ximei Wang  1 , Yuhan Fu  1 , Fan Su  1 , Lei Cao  1 , Xiaojuan Zha  3 , Yufeng Wen  4
Affiliations

Implications of gender-based variabilities in bone mineral density and hemoglobin levels

Yumei Zhou et al. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Studies reported that there is a relationship between volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and hemoglobin (HGB) in sickle cell anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic kidney disease, it is not clear whether this association exists in normal populations or different genders. In order to further clarify the relationship between vBMD and HGB, and provide the basis for the diagnosis of related diseases, this study was conducted in the physical examination population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a health check-up population from Wannan area of China from January to December 2018. The study involved 1238 individuals aged 23 to 85 years. Linear regression analysis and smooth curve were applied to determine the relationship of HGB and vBMD.

Results: The average level of vBMD in the population was 130.11 ± 79.51 mg/cm3, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A U-shape relationship was established between vBMD and HGB, the cut off value of HGB was 130 g/L. After gender stratification, the results showed a U-shaped curve relationship between vBMD and HGB in male group, and a linear relationship between vBMD and HGB in female group. The vBMD decreased with HGB when HGB < 120 g/L, and increased when HGB ≥ 120 g/L in male group.

Conclusion: The relationship between vBMD and HGB in the male physical examination population presents a U-shaped curve.

Keywords: Genders; Hemoglobin; Linear relationship; U-shaped curve; Volumetric bone mineral density.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Generalized smoothing splines for vBMD and HGB. Horizontal coordinates represent different components, while vertical coordinates represent residuals of vBMD. Solid line: no adjustment; dashed line: adjusted for gander, age, BMI, TC, TG, SBP, DBP, GLU, HDL and LDL. Shaded area shows the 95% confidence interval
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Generalized smoothing splines for vBMD and HGB in male group (A) and female group (B). Horizontal coordinates represent different components, while vertical coordinates represent residuals of vBMD. Solid line: no adjustment; dashed line: adjusted for age, BMI, TC, TG, SBP, DBP, GLU, HDL and LDL. Shaded area shows the 95% confidence interval
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