What should progress in response-shift research look like?

Bruce D Rapkin¹, Carolyn E Schwartz^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Community Collaboration & Implementation Science, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
² DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.
³ Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.

Bruce D Rapkin et al. Qual Life Res. 2021 Dec.

. 2021 Dec;30(12):3359-3361.

doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-02962-7. Epub 2021 Jul 30.

Bruce D Rapkin¹, Carolyn E Schwartz^{2

3}

¹ Division of Community Collaboration & Implementation Science, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
² DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.
³ Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest and report no disclosures.

Progress in response-shift research needs diverse approaches.
Sprangers MAG, Sawatzky R, Sébille V; Response Shift–in Sync Working Group. Sprangers MAG, et al. Qual Life Res. 2021 Dec;30(12):3365-3366. doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-03028-4. Epub 2021 Nov 8. Qual Life Res. 2021. PMID: 34748138 No abstract available.
The Effect of Noninvariance on the Estimation of the Mediated Effect in the Two-Wave Mediation Model.
Georgeson AR, Valente MJ, Gonzalez O. Georgeson AR, et al. Struct Equ Modeling. 2022;29(6):908-919. doi: 10.1080/10705511.2022.2067164. Epub 2022 Jun 10. Struct Equ Modeling. 2022. PMID: 37041863 Free PMC article.
Long-COVID symptom burden and the experience of adversity: the importance of response-shift effects over 3 years of the pandemic.
Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Rapkin BD. Schwartz CE, et al. Qual Life Res. 2025 Aug;34(8):2233-2257. doi: 10.1007/s11136-025-03962-7. Epub 2025 Jun 6. Qual Life Res. 2025. PMID: 40478517

1. Sébille V, Lix LM, Ayilara OF, Sajobi TT, Janssens ACJ, Sawatzky R, et al. Critical examination of current response shift methods and proposal for advancing new methods. Quality of Life Research. 2021 doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02755-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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1. Sawatzky R, Kwon J-Y, Barclay R, Chauhan C, Frank L, van den Hout WB, et al. Implications of response shift for micro-, meso-, and macro-level healthcare decision-making using results of patient-reported outcome measures. Quality of Life Research. 2021 doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-02766-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Sprangers MA, Sajobi T, Vanier A, Mayo NE, Sawatzky R, Lix LM, et al. Response shift in results of patient-reported outcome measures: A commentary to the response shift—In Sync Working Group initiative. Quality of Life Research. 2021 doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02747-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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