Essential Hypertension Is Associated With Changes in Gut Microbial Metabolic Pathways: A Multisite Analysis of Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Michael Nakai^#¹, Rosilene V Ribeiro^#^{2

3}, Bruce R Stevens⁴, Paul Gill⁵, Rikeish R Muralitharan^{1

6}, Stephanie Yiallourou⁷, Jane Muir⁵, Melinda Carrington⁷, Geoffrey A Head^{8

9}, David M Kaye^{10

11

12}, Francine Z Marques^{1

11}

Affiliations

¹ Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (M.N., R.R.M., F.Z.M.).
² Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.).
³ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.).
⁴ Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville (B.R.S.).
⁵ Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁶ Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (R.R.M.).
⁷ Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.Y., M.C.).
⁸ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (G.A.H.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁹ Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.A.H.).
¹⁰ Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
¹¹ Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K., F.Z.M.).
¹² Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K.).

^# Contributed equally.

Free article

Michael Nakai et al. Hypertension. 2021 Sep.

Free article

. 2021 Sep;78(3):804-815.

doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17288. Epub 2021 Aug 2.

¹ Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (M.N., R.R.M., F.Z.M.).
² Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.).
³ School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (R.V.R.).
⁴ Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville (B.R.S.).
⁵ Department of Gastroenterology (P.G., J.M.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁶ Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (R.R.M.).
⁷ Preclinical Disease and Prevention, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (S.Y., M.C.).
⁸ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (G.A.H.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
⁹ Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.A.H.).
¹⁰ Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences (D.M.K.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
¹¹ Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K., F.Z.M.).
¹² Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (D.M.K.).

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

[Figure: see text].

Keywords: acetate; blood pressure; hypertension; machine learning; prevalence.