Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: tsuisan.ho@mail.utoronto.ca.
• ² Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ³ Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Treatment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
• ⁴ The Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ⁵ Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Sinai Health System, Women's College Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.