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Review
. 2021 Jul 23:2021:5530441.
doi: 10.1155/2021/5530441. eCollection 2021.

Efficacy and Safety of Butorphanol Use in Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Meta-Analysis

Zhihua Zhu  1 , Wenyu Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

Efficacy and Safety of Butorphanol Use in Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Meta-Analysis

Zhihua Zhu et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Objective: This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety regarding usage of butorphanol in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).

Methods: Several databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and VIP were explored with the help of computer search and manual retrieval. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) was selected, and the meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1. The primary efficacy endpoint was the postoperative visual analog scale score, postoperative Ramsay sedation scale (RSS), and adverse events.

Results: Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. No significant differences were found between the butorphanol group and nonbutorphanol group at 12 h and 48 h. The postoperative RSS score at 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h was representative of the calming effect of butorphanol. No significant difference was found on the endpoint of the postoperative RSS score at 12 h, 48 h, and 24 h. The RSS score was lower in the butorphanol group in comparison to the nonbutorphanol group. The butorphanol group was also associated with lower rate of nausea, vomiting, itching, and dizziness compared to the nonbutorphanol group.

Conclusion: Butorphanol may be used in PCA as a successful postoperative analgesia and is also associated with lower side effects. Further research is needed to verify the efficacy and safety of butorphanol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart showing the progress through the stages of the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Risk of the bias graph.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of bias summary.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Forest plot of 12 h postoperative VAS. (b) Forest plot of 24 h postoperative VAS. (c) Forest plot of 48 h postoperative VAS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Forest plot of 12 h postoperative RSS. (b) Forest plot of 24 h postoperative RSS. (c) Forest plot of 48 h postoperative RSS.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Forest plot of nausea. (b) Forest plot of vomiting. (c) Forest plot of itching. (d) Forest plot of dizzy.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Sensitivity analysis of excluding each individual study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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